Ears - Joe Notes

Question 1

Sweat gland with bigger/wider lumen?

Answer 1

Apocrine Sweat Gland

Question 2

Sweat gland with smaller/narrower lumen?

Answer 2

Eccrine Sweat Gland

Question 3

Sweat Gland that establishes a direct connection with the hair follicle?

Answer 3

Apocrine Sweat Gland

Question 4

What ear section RECIEVES SOUND WAVES?

Answer 4

External Ear

Question 5

This ear section is where sound waves are transmitted from AIR TO BONE and by BONE TO INTERNAL EAR

Answer 5

Middle Ear

Question 6

This ear section CONVERTS sound energy into ELECTRICAL IMPULSE.

Answer 6

Internal Ear

Question 7

This ear section contains the VESTIBULAR ORGANS for maintenance of balance and equilibrium.

Answer 7

Internal Ear

Question 8

What are the two structures that make up the EXTERNAL EAR?

Answer 8

Auricle & External Auditory Meatus

Question 9

An oval appendage that projects from the lateral surface of the head that is used in the LOCALIZATION AND AMPLIFICATION of sound

Answer 9

Auricle

Question 10

Auricle is composed of plate of ____________ that is tightly to the skin.

Answer 10

Elastic Cartilage

Question 11

Lining epithelium of Auricle?

Answer 11

Stratified Squamous Keratinized Epithelium

(+) Elastic Cartilage

Question 12

TRUE OR FALSE

The AURICLE has both SWEAT and SEBACEOUS glands

Answer 12

TRUE

Question 13

Lining Epthelium of EXTERNAL AUDITORY MEATUS?

Answer 13

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

*runs from auricle to middle ear

Question 14

Which part of the External Auditory Meatus has ELASTIC CARTILAGES in the dermis similar to auricle.

Answer 14

Lateral 1/3

Question 15

Which part of the External Acoustic Meatus has TEMPORAL BONE in the dermis.

Answer 15

Medial 2/3

Question 16

TRUE OR FALSE

The Lateral Part of External Auditory Meatus contains HAIR FOLLICLES, SEBACEOUS GLANDS AND SWEAT GLANDS

Answer 16

FALSE

*NO ECCRINE SWEAT GLANDS,
But there are MODIFIED APOCRINE SWEAT GLANDS CALLED “CERUMINOUS GLANDS”

Question 17

What do you call the MODIFIED APOCRINE Sweat Glands of the External Auditory Meatus?

Answer 17

Ceruminous Glands

Question 18

TRUE OR FALSE

Auricles has NO CERUMINOUS GLANDS!

Answer 18

TRUE

Question 19

Medial part of External Acoustic Meatus contains?

Answer 19

Few Hair Follicles and Glands, but has TEMPORAL BONE in its dermis

Question 20

What seperates the External Auditory Meatus and Middle Ear?

Answer 20

Tympanic Membrane

Question 21

An oval membrane which vibrates to transmit sound to the middle ear.

Answer 21

Tympanic Membrane

Question 22

What Layer of Tympanic Membrane is Externally, covered by skin

Answer 22

Cuticle Layer

Question 23

What Layer of the Tympanic Membrane is internally lined by SIMPLE CUBOIDAL?

Answer 23

Mucus Layer

Question 24

What are the three layers of the Tympanic Membrane?

Answer 24

• –> C - uticle Layer (External)
• consist of THIN LAYER OF SKIN
• –> Fi - brous Layer
• TYPE I and II COLLAGEN
• –> M - ucus Layer (Internal)
• CUBOIDAL cells

Question 25

Air filled space that contains three small bones (ossicles)

Answer 25

Middle Ear

Question 26

Air filled space within the temporal bone?

Answer 26

Tympanic Cavity

Question 27

Epithelial Lining of TYMPANIC CAVITY?

Answer 27

Simple Cuboidal

Question 28

What connects the tympanic membrane to the OVAL window?

Answer 28

Auditory Ossicles

Question 29

Converts soundwaves into MECHANICAL or HYDRAULIC VIBRATIONS in chambers of middle ear?

Answer 29

Auditory Ossicles

Question 30

What muscle inserts into the MALLEUS/HAMMER above the auditory tube?

Answer 30

Tensor Tympani

Question 31

What muscle lies on the BONY EMINENCE on the WALL OF THE MIDDLE EAR; this inserts into the STAPES.

Answer 31

Stapedius

Question 32

What is responsible for the PROTECTION of internal ear from damaging effects of LOUND SOUNDS?

Answer 32

Attenuation Reflex

Question 33

How long is the Eustachian Tube?

Answer 33

3.5 cm

Question 34

Lining Epithelium of Eustachian Tube?

Answer 34

Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium

Question 35

When plane ASCENDS? What happens to atmospheric pressure and pressure inside tympanic cavity? When plane DESCENDS? What happens to atmospheric pressure and pressure inside tympanic cavity?

Answer 35

ASCENDS - Cavity Pressure (UP) & Atmospheric Pressure (DOWN) DESCENDS - Cavity Pressure (DOWN) & Atmospheric Pressure (UP) * for better familiarization, focus only aa cavity pressure, if ascend (taas na din ang cavity pressure), if descend (baba na), then inversely prop. with the atmospheric naman yan

Question 36

How to seperate walls of the Eustachian Tube?

Answer 36

Yawning and Swallowing

Question 37

Describe the Eustachian Tube of an infant/child?

Answer 37

1) More horizontal 2) Narrower 3) Less rigid 4) Shorter

Question 38

Air filled spaces in the mastoid portion of the temporal bone?

Answer 38

Mastoid Air Cells

Question 39

Continuous infection in the middle ear can lead to?

Answer 39

Mastoiditis

Question 40

Near the Eustachian Tube, the lining epithelium would then be gradually replaced by?

Answer 40

Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium

Question 41

It is the INTERSECTION of the middle ear with the inner ear and is directly contacted by the stapes?

Answer 41

Oval Window

Question 42

Vibrates with opposite phase to vibrations entering inner ear through the oval window.

Answer 42

Round Window

Question 43

It allows FLUID in the COCHLEA TO MOVE, which in turn ensures that hair cells of the basilar membrane will be stimulated and audition will occur.

Answer 43

Round Window

Question 44

A complicated irregular network of passages or paths.

Answer 44

Labyrinth

Question 45

In what section of the ear are the two labyrinth compartments located?

Answer 45

Inner Ear

Question 46

Labyrinth wherein the INTERCONNECTED CAVITIES within the PETROUS PART of the Temporal Bone?

Answer 46

Bony Labyrinth

Question 47

Labyrinth which lies within the Bony Labyrinth?

Answer 47

Membranous Labyrinth

Question 48

Type of fluid in the Bony Labyrinth?

Answer 48

Perilymph

Question 49

Type of fluid in the Membranous Labyrinth?

Answer 49

Endolymph

Question 50

Which labyrinth conducts SOUND VIBRATION?

Answer 50

Bony Labyrinth

Question 51

Which Labyrinth has the RECEPTOR CELLS for HEARING AND EQUILIBRIUM?

Answer 51

Membranous Labyrinth

Question 52

ENDOLYMPH is similar to what type of fluid?

Answer 52

Intracellular Fluid (High Potassium, Low Sodium) *ENDOlymph so INSIDE (edi INTRACELLULAR)

Question 53

PERILYMPH is similar to what type of fluid?

Answer 53

Extracellular Fluid (High Sodium, Low Potassium)

Question 54

Perilymph is located where?

Answer 54

Between bony labyrinth and WALL IF MEMBRANOUS LABYRINTH

Question 55

What are the three connected spaces within the BONY LABYRINTH?

Answer 55

- Cochlea - Vestibule - Semicircular Canals

Question 56

What is in the CENTER OF BONY LABYRINTH?

Answer 56

Vestibule

Question 57

What contains the UTRICLE AND SACCULE of the membranous labyrinth?

Answer 57

Vestibule

Question 58

Shape of UTRICLE? Shape of SACCULE?

Answer 58

- Elliptical - Spherical * (S)accule = (S)pherical * Utricle - Proximal to Semicircular Canals * Saccule - Proximal to Cochlea

Question 59

What makes up the MEMBRANOUS LABYRINTH of the vestibule?

Answer 59

Utricle and Saccule

Question 60

The semicircular canals are at __________ to each other.

Answer 60

Right angle

Question 61

What do you call the dilated end of each semicircular canal?

Answer 61

Ampulla

Question 62

What structures are referred to as VESTIBULAR MEMBRANOUS LABYRINTH?

Answer 62

- Utricle - Saccule - Semicircular Canals Mneumonics - "SUS"

Question 63

Opposite to the semicircular canals which connects to the opposite if the vestibule?

Answer 63

Cochlea

Question 64

It makes a 2.75 TURN around the MODIOLUS

Answer 64

Cochlea

Question 65

The cochlea makes a ______ turn around the modiolus

Answer 65

2.75 turn

Question 66

The cochlea turns around in what bone?

Answer 66

Modiolus

Question 67

What are the two groups of Membranous Labyrinth?

Answer 67

- Vestibular Labyrinth | - Cochlear Labyrinth

Question 68

Vestibular Labyrinth contains the following?

Answer 68

- Semicircular ducts | - Vestibule and Saccule

Question 69

What are the specialized sensory cells in the Membranous Labyrinth?

Answer 69

- Cristae Ampullaris (Ampullary Crest) - Maculae - Spinal Organ of Corti Mnemonics: CM'S ("centimeters")

Question 70

What sensory cell is located in the ampulla of semicircular ducts?

Answer 70

Cristae Ampullaris

Question 71

Cristae Ampullaries is SENSITIVE TO?

Answer 71

Angular Acceleration (Turning of Head)

Question 72

Polysaccharide attached on top of hair cells?

Answer 72

Gelatinous protein or Cupula

Question 73

Crista Ampullaries also reponds to what other type of movement?

Answer 73

Rotational Movement

Question 74

TRUE OR FALSE As head rotates, cupula bends on the same side of head rotation as well.

Answer 74

FALSE *as head rotates, cupula bends on opposite side

Question 75

Hair cells that are FLASK shaped with ROUNDED BASE

Answer 75

Type 1 Hair/Receptor Cells

Question 76

Hair cell that is CYLINDRICAL in shape?

Answer 76

Type 2 Hair/Receptor Cell

Question 77

What surrounds both hair/receptor cells?

Answer 77

Vestibular Nerve Fibers

Question 78

Cells that are COLUMNAR WITH NUCLEI NEAR THE BASE?

Answer 78

Supporting cells

Question 79

what type of hair cell? - GOBLET CELLS - BULBOUS in shape and STAIN POORLY - NUCLEI tending to lie at a LOWER LEVEL THAN TYPE II - invested by a MESHWORK of dendritic processes of afferent sensory neurons

Answer 79

Type I hair cell

Question 80

what type of hair cell? - COLUMNAR CELLS - More SLENDER in shape - Have only small dendritic processes at their base

Answer 80

Type II hair cell

Question 81

Where does Maculae lie?

Answer 81

In the Saccule and Auricle

Question 82

TRUE OR FALSE The maculae contains Type 1 and 2 hair cells

Answer 82

TRUE

Question 83

If a person is STANDING, The macula of UTRICLE is oriented? The macula of SACCULE is oriented?

Answer 83

UTRICLE - Horizontally SACCULE - Vertically * "UH" pairing

Question 84

The GELATINOUS POLYSACCHARIDE material within Maculae?

Answer 84

Otolith Membrane

Question 85

Crystalline bodies of _____________________, are on top of the otolith membrane?

Answer 85

1) Calcium Carbonate 2) proteins called AUTOLITHS * mneumonics - C.A.

Question 86

Utricle is sensitive to?

Answer 86

ACCELERATION

Question 87

Saccule is sensitive to?

Answer 87

GRAVITY *"U.A." "S.G."

Question 88

What is difference between Utricle and Saccule?

Answer 88

UTRICLE is more sensitive to HORIZONTAL ACCELERATION SACCULE is more sensive to VERTICAL ACCELERATION

Question 89

What are the three compartments or scales of Cochlea from Top to Bottom?

Answer 89

- Scala Vestibuli - Scala Media (endolymph) - Scala Tympani

Question 90

The Scala Vestibuli and Tympani are part of what labyrinth? Scala Media as well?

Answer 90

Vestibuli and Tympani - BONY LABYRINTH | Medila - MEMBRANOUS LABYRINTH

Question 91

Cochlear Duct contains?

Answer 91

Organ of Corti

Question 92

What do you call TRIANGULAR SHAPED SPACE within cochlea?

Answer 92

Scala Media

Question 93

ROOF of Cochlea?

Answer 93

Vestibular (Reissner's Membrane)

Question 94

LATERAL WALL of Cochlea?

Answer 94

Stria Vascularis *production of Endolymph

Question 95

Production of Endolymph?

Answer 95

Stria Vascularis

Question 96

FLOOR of Cochlea?

Answer 96

Basilar Membrane

Question 97

What attaches cochlea to modiolus?

Answer 97

Osseus Spiral Lamina

Question 98

Additional Info...

Answer 98

On top of the Basilar Membrane is Organ of Corti which is overlain by TECTORIAL MEMBRANE