Earth and Science

Question 1

Layers of the Sun

Answer 1

Corona
chromosphere
photosphere
core
radiation zone
convection zone

Question 2

site of nuclear fusion

Answer 2

core


Question 3

what we see of the sun

Answer 3

photosphere


Question 4

stream of high energy particles sent into space; causes the light displays

Answer 4

solar wind


Question 5

light display from the northern hemisphere

Answer 5

aurora borealis


Question 6

light display from the southern hemisphere

Answer 6

aurora australis


Question 7

storms that look like huge arches; may last several days

Answer 7

prominences


Question 8

more intense than prominences; lasts only about 15 minutes

Answer 8

solar flares


Question 9

cool black storm areas

Answer 9

sunspots


Question 10

more than 100x; average size and temperature; energy comes from nuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium

Answer 10

sun


Question 11

2/5x
rocky

Answer 11

mercury


Question 12

• slightly shorter than mars
• rocky
• hottest
• “morning star”, brightest before sunrise and after sunset
• rotates from EAST to WEST

Answer 12

venus


Question 13

1x
rocky
slightly bigger than venus

Answer 13

earth


Question 14

1/4x
same period of rotation as a revolution
causes tides

Answer 14

moon


Question 15

1/2x
rocky
“red planet”

Answer 15

mars


Question 16

minor planets

Answer 16

asteroids


Question 17

11x, gaseous

Answer 17

jupiter


Question 18

9 1/2x; gaseous

Answer 18

saturn 


Question 19

3 1/2x; icy

Answer 19

neptune


Question 20

4x
icy
rotates counter-clockwise

Answer 20

uranus


Question 21

1/5x
coldest
tilted and elongated orbit
no longer classified as planet

Answer 21

pluto


Question 21

“dirty snowballs”; heads of ice and rock, tails of dust and gases forced from the head by solar radiation; tail always points away from the sun

Answer 21

comets


Question 22

chunk of rock smaller than asteroid

Answer 22

meteoroid


Question 23

a meteoroid as it burns up in the atmosphere; “shooting star”

Answer 23

meteor


Question 24

a meteoroid that does not completely burn up

Answer 24

meteorite


Question 25

strongest tides; when the sun, earth, and moon are in a straight line: the sun's and the moon's gravities add up: highest and lowest tide

Answer 25

spring tides


Question 26

weakest tides; when the sun, earth, and moon form a right angle; the sun's and moon's gravities cancel out one another: moderate tides

Answer 26

neap tides


Question 27

brightest star in the night sky; "Dog Star"

Answer 27

Sirius


Question 28

North Star; tip of Little Dipper's handle

Answer 28

Polaris


Question 29

big bear; contains the big dipper

Answer 29

ursa major


Question 30

big dog

Answer 30

canis major


Question 30

little bear; contains the big dipper

Answer 30

ursa minor


Question 31

little dog

Answer 31

canis minor


Question 32

closest star to earth but is too small to be seen in the night sky

Answer 32

proxima centauri


Question 32

closest star to earth that is visible in the night sky

Answer 32

alpha centauri


Question 33

the hunter

Answer 33

orion


Question 34

the winged horse

Answer 34

pegasus


Question 35

the distance that light travels in one year

Answer 35

light year


Question 36

the galaxy where the solar system is

Answer 36

milky way


Question 37

the explosion of a big star

Answer 37

supernova


Question 38

remains of supernova, nothing can escape

Answer 38

blackhole


Question 39

from the crust down to the rigid upper mantle

Answer 39

lithosphere


Question 40

plates move away from one another

Answer 40

divergent

Question 41

plates move away from one another

Answer 41

divergent

Question 42

plates move toward each other

Answer 42

convergent

Question 43

plates slide past each other

Answer 43

transform

Question 44

Kinds of Fault

Answer 44

- normal dip slip - reverse dip slip/ thrust - strike-slip

Question 45

size of an earthquake, or energy released

Answer 45

magnitude

Question 46

scale with 1 to 10, wherein magnitude 2 is ten time stronger than magnitude 1, and so on

Answer 46

Richter scale

Question 47

commonly used scale for measuring magnitude because of higher precision

Answer 47

Moment Magnitude scale

Question 48

commonly used scale for measuring magnitude because of higher precision

Answer 48

Moment Magnitude scale

Question 49

amount of damage; measured using MERCALLI SCALE (1-12)

Answer 49

intensity

Question 50

amount of damage; measured using MERCALLI SCALE (1-12)

Answer 50

intensity

Question 51

an earthquake’s point of origin

Answer 51

focus

Question 52

the point on earth’s surface directly above the focus

Answer 52

epicenter

Question 53

Types of Rocks

Answer 53

- sedimentary - igneous - metamorphic

Question 54

from sediments which were eroded to lower places; forms fossils

Answer 54

sedimentary

Question 55

from lava; formed because of heat

Answer 55

igneous

Question 56

from other rocks that were changed due to intense heat and pressure

Answer 56

metamorphic

Question 57

increasing particle size decreasing water holding capacity

Answer 57

clay > slit > sand > pebbles > gravel

Question 58

theory of the movement of the continents relative to each other; by alfred wegener (1912)

Answer 58

theory of continental drift

Question 59

Evidences of Continental Drift Theory

Answer 59

- fossils - mountain ranges - glacial striations - tillites

Question 60

theory that tectonic plates move; explains continental drift

Answer 60

theory of plate tectonics

Question 61

the “supercontinent” that existed during PALEOZOIC and MESOZOIC era

Answer 61

Pangaea

Question 62

the “supercontinent” that existed during PALEOZOIC and MESOZOIC era

Answer 62

Pangaea

Question 63

started breaking up into asia, europe, and north america during CENOZOIC era

Answer 63

Laurasia

Question 64

started breaking up into africa, australia, antartica, and south america during MESOZOIC era

Answer 64

Gondwanaland

Question 65

the heating ip of the earth’s surface due to a build-up of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere

Answer 65

Global Warming

Question 66

Layers of the Atmosphere

Answer 66

- Troposphere - Stratosphere - Mesosphere - Thermosphere - Exosphere

Question 67

layer of the earth where life and weather forms; densest layer

Answer 67

troposphere

Question 68

layer of the atmosphere where the ozone layer lies and airplane flies

Answer 68

stratosphere

Question 69

coldest layer of the atmosphere where meteor burn up

Answer 69

mesosphere

Question 70

hottest layer of the atmosphere; ionosphere

Answer 70

thermosphere

Question 71

layer of the atmosphere where satellites can be found

Answer 71

exosphere

Question 72

measures air pressure

Answer 72

barometer

Question 73

measures wind speed

Answer 73

anemometer

Question 74

measures humidity

Answer 74

hygrometer

Question 75

measures wind direction

Answer 75

wind vane

Question 76

measures amount of rainfall

Answer 76

rain gauge

Question 77

Seasons from Left to Right for the northern hemisphere

Answer 77

- Spring (March 21; equinox) - Summer (June 21; solstice) - Fall (September 23; equinox) - Winter (December 22; solstice)