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pre-lims > earth science > Flashcards

earth science Flashcards

1
Q

keeps the surface warm and protects us from radiation and 100 miles thick

A

atmosphere

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2
Q

is any portion of the universe that can be isolated from the rest for the purpose of observing and measuring changes

A

system

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3
Q

in which there is only an exchange of heat and energy and no exchange of matter

A

closed system

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4
Q

compromises of four vast reservoirs with constant flows of energy and matter

A

geosphere
atmosphere
biosphere
hydrosphere

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5
Q

it is the only planet known to have an atmosphere containing free oxygen, oceans of water on it’s surface and of course life

A

earth

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6
Q

atmos means

A

gas

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7
Q

sphaira which means

A

globe

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8
Q

5 layers of the atmosphere

A

troposphere
stratosphere
mesosphere
thermosphere(ionosphere)
exosphere

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9
Q

contains about 75% of all the air in the atmosphere

A

troposphere

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10
Q

it contains much of the ozone in the atmosphere, 50km upward

A

stratosphere

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11
Q

the proposed boundary between our atmosphere and outer space

A

karman line

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12
Q

the region above the stratosphere, here the temperature decreases with height

A

mesosphere

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13
Q

also known as_______ it reflects and absorbs radio waves

A

ionosphere / thermosphere

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14
Q

contains mainly hydrogen and oxygen atoms they follow ballistic trajectories under the influence of gravity

A

exosphere

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15
Q

geosphere comes from the greek word meaning ground

A

geos

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16
Q

layers of earth

A

crust, upper mantle, mantle, outer core, inner core

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17
Q

includes the rocks of the crust and mantle, is the solid outer part of the earth

A

lithosphere

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18
Q

it is the movement of the liquid in the _____ that generate earth’s magnetic field

A

outer core

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19
Q

is the outermost and thinnest layer of our planet, divided into 15 major tectonic plates k

A

crust

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20
Q

the totality of earth’s water

A

hydrosphere

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21
Q

how many percent of the earth’s surface is covered with water

A

70%

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22
Q

biosphere comes from the greek word______

A

bios

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23
Q

includes all of earth’s organism and matter has not yet decomposed

A

biosphere

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24
Q

greek word which means water

A

hydro

25
Q

do not contains life

A

abiotic

26
Q

contains life

A

biotic

27
Q

the study of minerals

A

minerology

28
Q

is naturally occuring crystalline inorganic element or compound

A

mineral

29
Q

most rock forming minerals composed of mainly of oxygen and silicon

A

silicates

30
Q

constitute less than 10% of the mass of the earth’s crust

A

non silicate

31
Q

are formed when carbonate ion bonds with other ion

A

carbonate minerals

32
Q

are produced when oxygen ions bond with metallic ions

A

oxide materials

33
Q

is the size and shape assumed by the crystal faces when a crystal has time and space to grow

A

crystal form

34
Q

the ability to resist scratching

A

hardness

35
Q

is the softest mineral

A

talc

36
Q

is the hardest mineral

A

diamond

37
Q

is the tendency of some minerals to break along definite smooth planes

A

cleavage

38
Q

refers to the way in which a mineral breaks

A

fracture

39
Q

is the property of reflecting of one or more wavelengths

A

color

40
Q

is the color of the powder of a mineral

A

streak

41
Q

is the appearance of a mineral’s surface in reflected light

A

luster

42
Q

is a ratio of a mineral’s sample mass to the mass of an equal voume of water

A

specific gravity

43
Q

is a solid natural aggregate of one or more minerals

A

rock

44
Q

most abundant primary rocks, source is magma or lava

A

igneous

45
Q

secondary rocks

A

sedimentary

46
Q

branch of geology which deals with study of rocks

A

petrology

47
Q

change of forms of igneous and sedimentary due to temperature pressure and chemical fluids

A

metamorphic rocks

48
Q

forms when lava cools on earth’s surface

A

extrusive

49
Q

forms when magma cools within the earth

A

intrusive

50
Q

by the rate at which molten rock cools

A

grain size

51
Q

the transformation of sediment into a sedimentary rock is a process called

A

lithification

52
Q

is classified as an organic chemical sedimentary rock

A

coal

53
Q

icicle - shaped stalatites and cone shaped stalagmites

A

dripstone

54
Q

gives clue to it’s place of origin

A

shape

55
Q

is the layering that develops at the time the sediment is deposited

A

bedding / stratification

56
Q

where a river empties into a lake where sediments fill in depressions

A

cross bedding

57
Q

is the process by which the structure, mineral content or both of a rock is changed while the rock remains solid

A

metamorphism

58
Q

types of metamorphism

A

contact, regional, shear and hydrothermal

59
Q

the father of geology

A

James hutton

pre-lims (6 decks)

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