earth science

Question 1

keeps the surface warm and protects us from radiation and 100 miles thick

Answer 1

atmosphere

Question 2

is any portion of the universe that can be isolated from the rest for the purpose of observing and measuring changes

Answer 2

system

Question 3

in which there is only an exchange of heat and energy and no exchange of matter

Answer 3

closed system

Question 4

compromises of four vast reservoirs with constant flows of energy and matter

Answer 4

geosphere
atmosphere
biosphere
hydrosphere

Question 5

it is the only planet known to have an atmosphere containing free oxygen, oceans of water on it’s surface and of course life

Answer 5

earth

Question 6

atmos means

Answer 6

gas

Question 7

sphaira which means

Answer 7

globe

Question 8

5 layers of the atmosphere

Answer 8

troposphere
stratosphere
mesosphere
thermosphere(ionosphere)
exosphere

Question 9

contains about 75% of all the air in the atmosphere

Answer 9

troposphere

Question 10

it contains much of the ozone in the atmosphere, 50km upward

Answer 10

stratosphere

Question 11

the proposed boundary between our atmosphere and outer space

Answer 11

karman line

Question 12

the region above the stratosphere, here the temperature decreases with height

Answer 12

mesosphere

Question 13

also known as_______ it reflects and absorbs radio waves

Answer 13

ionosphere / thermosphere

Question 14

contains mainly hydrogen and oxygen atoms they follow ballistic trajectories under the influence of gravity

Answer 14

exosphere

Question 15

geosphere comes from the greek word meaning ground

Answer 15

geos

Question 16

layers of earth

Answer 16

crust, upper mantle, mantle, outer core, inner core

Question 17

includes the rocks of the crust and mantle, is the solid outer part of the earth

Answer 17

lithosphere

Question 18

it is the movement of the liquid in the _____ that generate earth’s magnetic field

Answer 18

outer core

Question 19

is the outermost and thinnest layer of our planet, divided into 15 major tectonic plates k

Answer 19

crust

Question 20

the totality of earth’s water

Answer 20

hydrosphere

Question 21

how many percent of the earth’s surface is covered with water

Answer 21

70%

Question 22

biosphere comes from the greek word______

Answer 22

bios

Question 23

includes all of earth’s organism and matter has not yet decomposed

Answer 23

biosphere

Question 24

greek word which means water

Answer 24

hydro

Question 25

do not contains life

Answer 25

abiotic

Question 26

contains life

Answer 26

biotic

Question 27

the study of minerals

Answer 27

minerology

Question 28

is naturally occuring crystalline inorganic element or compound

Answer 28

mineral

Question 29

most rock forming minerals composed of mainly of oxygen and silicon

Answer 29

silicates

Question 30

constitute less than 10% of the mass of the earth's crust

Answer 30

non silicate

Question 31

are formed when carbonate ion bonds with other ion

Answer 31

carbonate minerals

Question 32

are produced when oxygen ions bond with metallic ions

Answer 32

oxide materials

Question 33

is the size and shape assumed by the crystal faces when a crystal has time and space to grow

Answer 33

crystal form

Question 34

the ability to resist scratching

Answer 34

hardness

Question 35

is the softest mineral

Answer 35

talc

Question 36

is the hardest mineral

Answer 36

diamond

Question 37

is the tendency of some minerals to break along definite smooth planes

Answer 37

cleavage

Question 38

refers to the way in which a mineral breaks

Answer 38

fracture

Question 39

is the property of reflecting of one or more wavelengths

Answer 39

color

Question 40

is the color of the powder of a mineral

Answer 40

streak

Question 41

is the appearance of a mineral's surface in reflected light

Answer 41

luster

Question 42

is a ratio of a mineral's sample mass to the mass of an equal voume of water

Answer 42

specific gravity

Question 43

is a solid natural aggregate of one or more minerals

Answer 43

rock

Question 44

most abundant primary rocks, source is magma or lava

Answer 44

igneous

Question 45

secondary rocks

Answer 45

sedimentary

Question 46

branch of geology which deals with study of rocks

Answer 46

petrology

Question 47

change of forms of igneous and sedimentary due to temperature pressure and chemical fluids

Answer 47

metamorphic rocks

Question 48

forms when lava cools on earth's surface

Answer 48

extrusive

Question 49

forms when magma cools within the earth

Answer 49

intrusive

Question 50

by the rate at which molten rock cools

Answer 50

grain size

Question 51

the transformation of sediment into a sedimentary rock is a process called

Answer 51

lithification

Question 52

is classified as an organic chemical sedimentary rock

Answer 52

coal

Question 53

icicle - shaped stalatites and cone shaped stalagmites

Answer 53

dripstone

Question 54

gives clue to it's place of origin

Answer 54

shape

Question 55

is the layering that develops at the time the sediment is deposited

Answer 55

bedding / stratification

Question 56

where a river empties into a lake where sediments fill in depressions

Answer 56

cross bedding

Question 57

is the process by which the structure, mineral content or both of a rock is changed while the rock remains solid

Answer 57

metamorphism

Question 58

types of metamorphism

Answer 58

contact, regional, shear and hydrothermal

Question 59

the father of geology

Answer 59

James hutton