EBP Synthesis

Question 1

True or False: Statistical significant = clinical significance

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Characteristics of Landmark Studies

Answer 2

1. make a difference in people’s lives
2. are generalizable
3. lead to theory generation
4. have implications for multiple disciplines
5. generate other studies

Question 3

What does clinical importance mean?

Answer 3

It is the practical relevance of the findings

Question 4

What does clinical importance take into account?

Answer 4

• How much change will this cause?
• What are the associated risks?
• Is this change effective and efficient?

Question 5

Research Critique

Answer 5

examination of a studies merits, limitations, meaning, and significant

Question 6

Critique Skills

Answer 6

• critical thinking
• logical reasoning
• knowledge of research methodology
• attention to detail
• recognition of strengths and weaknesses

Question 7

Knowledge Utilization

Answer 7

the process of disseminating and using research-generated information to make an impact or change in the existing practices in society

Question 8

Time Lag

Answer 8

the period of time between generating and using knowledge by society

Question 9

Factors Affecting Time Lag

Answer 9

• historical events
• attitudes toward research
• attitudes toward researchers
• nursing school curriculum
• nurses not reading research
• not considered important
• positive impact not observed in patient

Question 10

Administration Barriers to Utilization

Answer 10

• research not valued
• limited change in agency or change not based on research
• limited resources to make change

Question 11

Clinician Barriers to Utilization

Answer 11

• do not read research reports
• lack education about research process
• do not believe research findings
• do not know how to implement findings

Question 12

This type of adopter actively seeks information on new ideas

Answer 12

innovator

Question 13

This type of adopter has a high level of mass media exposure

Answer 13

innovator

Question 14

This type of adopter has interpersonal networks that widely extend beyond local social systems

Answer 14

innovator

Question 15

This type of adopter receives early information about innovations

Answer 15

innovator

Question 16

This type of adopter functions outside the existing social structures

Answer 16

innovator

Question 17

This type of adopter tends to have cosmopolitan relationships

Answer 17

innovator

Question 18

This type of adopter functions as a change agent

Answer 18

innovator

Question 19

This type of adopter has diverse social support systems

Answer 19

innovator

Question 20

This type of adopter can cope with high levels of uncertainty

Answer 20

innovator

Question 21

This type of adopter does not rely on subjective evaluations of an innovation by other system members

Answer 21

innovator

Question 22

This type of adopter has less of an influence on adoption of an innovation within the system because they are not closely linked with the local social system

Answer 22

innovator

Question 23

This type of adopter tends to be an opinion-leader in existing social systems

Answer 23

early adopter

Question 24

This type of adopter learns about new ideas rapidly

Answer 24

early adopter

Question 25

This type of adopter uses new ideas

Answer 25

early adopter

Question 26

This type of adopter serves as a role model for the use of new ideas

Answer 26

early adopter

Question 27

This type of adopter is rarely a leader

Answer 27

early majority

Question 28

This type of adopter is considered an active follower

Answer 28

early majority

Question 29

This type of adopter will readily follow in the use of a new idea

Answer 29

early majority

Question 30

This type of adopter is skeptical about new ideas

Answer 30

late majority

Question 31

This type of adopter will adopt new ideas only if group pressure is great

Answer 31

late majority

Question 32

This type of adopter sometimes leave rather than change

Answer 32

late majority

Question 33

This type of adopter are security-oriented

Answer 33

laggards

Question 34

This type of adopter tend to cling to the past

Answer 34

laggards

Question 35

This type of adopter are often isolated within the social system

Answer 35

laggards

Question 36

By the time this adopter accepts a new idea, it is consider an old idea

Answer 36

laggards

Question 37

Research Implementation Stages

Answer 37

1. Persuasion 2. Decision 3. Implementation 4. Confirmation

Question 38

Persuasion Stage

Answer 38

an individual or other decision-making unit develops a favorable or unfavorable attitude toward the change or intervention

Question 39

Decision Stage

Answer 39

individual either adopts or rejects the innovation

Question 40

Implementation Stage

Answer 40

intervention is put to use

Question 41

Confirmation Stage

Answer 41

the individual evaluates the effectiveness of the intervention and decides either to continue or to discontinue it

Question 42

Types of Implementation

Answer 42

1. Direct Application 2. Reinvention 3. Indirect Application

Question 43

Direct Application

Answer 43

intervention is used exactly as it was developed

Question 44

Reinvention

Answer 44

adopters modify the intervention to meet their own needs

Question 45

Indirect Application

Answer 45

the knowledge is incorporated into the individual's thinking and combined with past experience, previous education, and current values