Interpreting Results

Question 1

What does the p value (level of significance) show?

Answer 1

The probability that a type I error will occur

Question 2

If you lower the risk of making a type I error, you increase the risk of…

Answer 2

making a type II error

Question 3

What does it mean when results are significant?

Answer 3

They are unlikely to have ben due to chance

Question 4

What does it mean when results are nonsignificant?

Answer 4

Any difference found could have been due to chance

Question 5

Type I Error

Answer 5

Rejecting a true null hypothesis–finding a difference when there really isn’t one

Question 6

Type II Error

Answer 6

Accepting a false null hypothesis–not finding a difference when there really is one

Question 7

When does a type II error usually occur?

Answer 7

When the sample is not big enough
or
Poor research design

Question 8

What is critical appraisal?

Answer 8

An examination of the quality or credibility of a study?

Question 9

What does critical appraisal judge?

Answer 9

Strengths
Weaknesses
Meaning
Credibility
Significance for Practice

Question 10

Attributes of high quality studies

Answer 10

Focus on a specific problem
Demonstrate sound methodology
Produce credible findings
Provide a basis for additional studies