Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology > ECG Week 5 test 2 > Flashcards

ECG Week 5 test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Ventricular filling

A

mid to late ventricular diastole (includes atrial systole)

P-Q interval

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Ventricular systole

A

isovolumetric contraction and ejection phase

Q-T interval

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Quiescent phase

A

isovolumetric relaxation in early ventricular diastole until atrial contraction (end of T wave to beginning of next p wave)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

S1 or LUB

A

closure of AV valves at the beginning of ventricular systole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

S2 or DUB

A

closure of the SL valves and the beginning of ventricular diastole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Specialized pacemaker cells

A

responsible for the initiation and conduction of electrical signals (APs) through the heart.
SA, AV, His bundle, bundle branches, and Purkinje Fiber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Working myocardial cells

A

responsible for contraction and relaxation, these make up the majority of the mass of the heart muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Normal activation sequence

A

SA->atria->AV node->His bundle->bundle branches->Purkinje fibers->ventrilces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

AV node

A

contains slowly conducting cells that normally function to create a slight delay between atrial contraction and ventricular contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Purkinje Fibers

A

specialized for rapid conduction and ensure that all ventricular cells contract at nearly the same instant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is heart normally controlled by?

A

The SA node

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Most cardiac cells have what type of response to action potentials?

A

Fast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Specialized cells have what type of response to action potentials?

A

slow.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

in phase 4 do the cardiac cells depolarize?

A

No, they rely on the pacemaker cells stimulus to quickly depolarize.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What causes the plateau in the working myocardial cells

A

and influx of calcium ions into the cell, which stop the repolarization by efflux of potassium.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

steps in working cell (cardiomyocyte) AP

A

phase 0=rapid depolarization due to Na influx and stim by pacemaker cells
phase 1= K and Cl out to repolarize
phase 2=plateau due to Ca in and K out
phase 3=Ca influx stops and K efflux cont.
phase 4= K out at resting potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Specialized (pacemaker cell) AP

A

phase 4 Na and Ca influx (slow)
phase 0= Ca in at threshold
phase 3= K out to repolarize

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

AP opens the L-type slow Ca channels causing what?

A

a 1000-fold rise in intracellular free Ca hence the quick depolarization of cardiac muscle.

Ca induced Ca release

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is cardiac output (CO)

A

Stroke volume x Heart rate

The volume of blood being pumped by the heart per unit of time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is stroke volume

A

the end diastolic volume - end systolic volume

or how much blood is pumped out each pump

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is total peripheral resistance (TPR)

A

sum of the resistance of all peripheral vasculature in the circulatory system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How to calculate blood pressure

A

Cardiac out put x TPR

thus BP can be maintained by altering either CO and or TPR

23
Q

Barorecptor reflex

A

can correct for a change in arterial pressure by

  • increasing or decreasing heart rate as needed.
  • *Detects changes in heart rate, due to a change in the arterial pressure
24
Q

Bainbridge relfex

A

responds to changes in blood volume.

-increases HR when there is an increased in atrial pressure.

25
Q

What is a normal sinus rhythm, tachycardia, and bradycardia?

A

HR: 60-100 beats/ min
Tach: greater than 100 beats/min
Brady: less than 60 beats/min

26
Q

What is lead?

A

electrical potential difference between two electrodes

27
Q

P wave

A

atrial depolarization in response to SA node firing

-precedes atrial contraction

28
Q

PR interval

A

time for electrical wave front to move from atria to ventricles( slight delay in AV node to allow filling of ventricles.
**normally PR interval should be isoelectric

29
Q

QRS complex

A

ventricular depolarization; triggers main pumping contraction
-atrial repolarization hidden in QRS

30
Q

ST segment

A

approximate index of ventricular AP plateau (ventricles contract): normally should be isoelectric

31
Q

T-wave

A

ventricular repolarization

32
Q

QT interval

A

ventricular AP

33
Q

What is the only link between the atria and ventricles?

A

the AV node

34
Q

R-R interval

A

interval between ventricular beats; varies with heart rate. The faster the HR the shorter the distance between the interval. opposite is true for slow HR

35
Q

ECG abnormalities ST elevation

A

occurs in leads directly over the area of acute infarction

36
Q

ECG abnormalities T wave inversion

A

indicates ischemia

37
Q

ECG abnormalities Exaggerated Q waves

A

a marker of infarction that develops with time

38
Q

ECG abnormalities ST depression

A

seen in leads opposite to or away from the area of ST elevation.
may also indicate ischemia

39
Q

If the + end of the dipole approaches the + electrode, the deflection will be?

A

postive or upward
in other words; if the positive recording electrode faces a wave of depolarization, it will be an upward signal.
**arrow or dipole is pointing towards the positive elcetrode

40
Q

if the + end of the dipole approaches the - electrode what will the deflection be?

A

negative or downward

**arrow or dipole is pointing towards the negative electrode

41
Q

If the dipole is perpendicular to the axis of the dipole what happens?

A

there will be an isoelectric point and no wave will show.

42
Q

ECG paper
little boxes=
big boxes=
HR

A

little=0.04 sec, and 0.1 mV
big= 0.2 sec and 0.5 mV
5 little boxes/ large box.
HR = 60 / R-R

43
Q

3 Bipolar Lead ECG

A

Lead I: (-) electrode on right arm(RA) and (+) on left arm(LA)
Lead II: neg on RA and pos on left leg (LL)
Lead III: neg on LA and pos on LL

44
Q

Einthoven’s Law

A

Lead I + Lead III = Lead II

45
Q

Normal Sinus ECG 6 things to know

A
  1. frequency of QRS complexes is apporx. 1 per sec
  2. QRS complex is upright and lead II with a duration of 120 ms
  3. QRS complex is preceded by one P wave
  4. PR interval is less than 0.2 sec
  5. QT interval is less than half of the R-R interval
  6. no extra p waves
46
Q

What does long QT syndrome lead to?

A

leads to spontaneous ventricular tachyarrhythmias such as tachycardia.
-can be congenital or acquired due to new meds.

47
Q

what is Torsade de Pointes

A

means twisting of the spike and is a stereotypical arrhythmia associated with patients with long QT syndrome and leads to V fib and possibly death if not treated.

48
Q

describe a supraventricular tachycardia event

A

atria are abnormally excited and drive the ventricles at a very rapid rate
-QRS complexes may or may not appear normal because the P and T waves may be superimposed at a high HR
-

49
Q

describe A fib with common ECG signs

A
  • irregular heart rhythm
  • No clear P waves
  • absence of isoelectric baseline
  • irregular ventricular rate (R wave)
  • QRS complexes may be prolonged but don’t have to be
50
Q

what is a first degree AV block and what are the signs on a ECG

A

P and R waves both present but have irregular pattern
PR interval is greater than 0.2 sec
**key here is a prolonged PR segment hence the AV block

51
Q

Second degree AV block or Mobitz type I

A

P waves present but not regular
R waves present but not regular
PR interval is greater than 0.2 sec and progressively increases until a QRS complex is droped

52
Q

second degree AV block or Mobitz type II

A

p wave present and regular
R wave present and not regular (same as type I)
PR interval can be normal, but doesn’t have to be before QRS is dropped
*requires pacemaker

53
Q

third degree or complete AV block

A 
P waves present and regular
R waves present but no regular
dropped QRS are high
PR interval irregular 
ventricles and atria contracting at own rates leading to ventricular escape
54
Q

ventricular escape can have two fates

A

syncope(self terminating) or sudden cardiac death

Physiology (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions