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Physiology > Synaptic communication 1 (German) week 2 > Flashcards

Synaptic communication 1 (German) week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Resting membrane potential caused by?

A

Formation of a K+ concentration gradient

Permeability of the membrane to K+

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2
Q

What are the five types of Ion transporters and channels needed to send an action potential?

A 
Na+/K+ ATPase
Na+ ligand gated
Na+ voltage gated
K+ leaky channels
K+ voltage gated
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3
Q

Neural membrane characteristics at rest

A

only permeable to K+
interior of neuron is negatively charged
exterior is positively charged

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4
Q

What is the Nernst Equation used for?

A

equilibrium potential of an individual ion

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5
Q

What is the Goldman Equation used for?

A

equilibrium potential of the entire plasma membrane

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6
Q

Passive current flow

A 
current decays
cytoplasmic resistance
relative to distance
Occurs IN:
axons without channels
cells bodies
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7
Q

Active Current Flow

A

current is repropagated
active process
relative to distance
Occurs in Axons

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8
Q

The action potential is caused by what?

A
  • rapid change in membrane potential

- sequential opening of Na+ and K+ channels in a voltage and time dependent manner

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9
Q

voltage gated ion channels

A
  • physical conformation changes with
  • membrane polarization
  • time and charge dependent
  • ions move along their concentration gradient
  • passive
  • refractory period
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10
Q

Ligand gated ion channels

A
  • ligand changes the conformation to allow ion movement
  • many different ligands can cause change in protein
  • ions move along concentration gradient
  • passive
  • open once sufficient ligand and appropriate environmental state is present
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11
Q

sodium potassium ATPase pumps

A

require energy and reestablish the membrane potential after an action potential
3 sodium out
2 potassium in

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12
Q

What are the steps of an action potential?

A

Na+ ligand open
Na+ volt open
Na+volt close and K+ volt open
K+ volt close and leaky K+ re-establish resting potential

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13
Q

Where are action potentials initiated?

A

axon hillock which is a Na volt. channel dense region.

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14
Q

What is the direction of an action potential?

A

anterograde and is unidrectional

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15
Q

What are two ways to increase an action potential

A

increase axon caliber

and increase myelination

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16
Q

What is multiple sclerosis caused by

A

demyelination

17
Q

NT GABA is inhibitory of excitatory?

A

inhibitory

18
Q

NT glutamate and dopamine are excitatory of inhibitory

A

excitatory

19
Q

What are the 8 steps in synaptic transmission?

A
  1. action potential moves to terminal
  2. Calcium channel depolarization
  3. calcium influx
  4. synaptic vesicle fusion
  5. NT release
  6. NT receptor activation
  7. NT reuptake
  8. NT sequestration/Metabolism
20
Q

What are the 3 distinct pools of synaptic vesicles?

A
  1. readily releasable
  2. recycling pool
  3. reserve pool
    * listed in order of usage
21
Q

What are the 4 proteins in the SNARE complex?

A

SNAP-25
Syntaxin
Synaptobrevin
Synaptotagmin

22
Q

Which SNARE proteins are on the vesicle?

A

Synaptobrevin and Syanptotagmin(Calcium dependent)

23
Q

Which SNARe proteins are on the vesicle?

A

SNAP-25 and Syntaxin

24
Q

What are the two neurotransmitter receptor types?

A

Ionotropic- ligand gated ion channels

Metabotropic-G-protein coupled receptors

25
Q

Ionotropic Neurotransmitter receptors

A
  • ligand binding opens channel
  • directly involved in creating postsyaptic electrical current and changing membrane potential
  • Excitatory (depolarizing) or inhibitory(hyperpolarizing) done by chloride release.
26
Q

Metabotropic neurotransmitter receptors

A
  • G-protein coupled intracellular signals
  • relatively slow activation time
  • prolonged signal duration
  • signals alter terminal structure and function
27
Q

Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential (EPSP)

A

depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane

Ions released: Na+ and Ca2+

28
Q

Inhibitory Postsnyaptic potential (IPSP)

A

hyperpolarization of postsynaptic membrane

Ion released: Cl- and K+

29
Q

Summation definition

A

the total change in membrane potential based on the spatial and temporal aggregation of postsynaptic potentials

Physiology (14 decks)

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