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CCI book Review > Echo Views / Segmental Anatomy > Flashcards

Echo Views / Segmental Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 standard imaging planes in trans gastric and TEE?

A
  • 4 chamber-
  • short axis
  • long axis
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2
Q

The heart is found in the thoracic cavity in a space called what?

A

Middle mediastinum

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3
Q

Where are EKG leads attached?

A

Right chest
Left chest
Left hip region

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4
Q

What should the frequency be for the transducer during an echo exam?

A

2.5 MHz

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5
Q

When ribs or lungs interfere, having the patient _____ or _____ may improve the image

A

Breathe in
Breathe out

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6
Q

What are the 4 probe positions used in an exam?

A

Parasternal
Apical
Subcostal
Suprasternal (aortic arch)

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7
Q

What position should majority of the patient be in?

A

Left lateral decibitus

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8
Q

In PLAX the transducer should be pointed towards the pts.______ shoulder and at _____

A
  • right
    -10:00
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9
Q

What do you see in PLAX ?

A
  • RV, LV , AV, prox AO, MV, LA
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10
Q

PLAX RVIT landmarks

A

RV, TV, RA, EUSTACHIAN VALVE , CORONARY SINUS

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11
Q

PLAX RVOT landmarks

A

RVOT, PV,PA,

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12
Q

For RVIT where should the transducer be pointing?

A

Inferior and medial towards umbilicus

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13
Q

For RVOT where should the transducer be angled ?

A

Angles superior and lateral towards left shoulder

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14
Q

What valve has a Mercedes sign?

A

AV

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15
Q

In PSAX how many cusps should you see in the AV ?

A

3

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16
Q

What are the names of the 3 AV cusps ?

A

Left coronary cusp
Right coronary cusp
Non coronary cusp

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17
Q

What views should you take in PSAX

A

Apex
Papillary
MV
AV
RVIT
RVOT

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18
Q

In PLAX when do you measure IVSd?

A

Diastole

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19
Q

In PLAX when do you measure LVIDd? And inferior posterior wall width ?

A

Diastole

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20
Q

Normal measurement for ascending AO

A

<3.6 cm

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21
Q

When and where do you measure the LVOT in PLAX?

A

End systole
LVOT inner edge to under edge

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22
Q

In PLAX end diastole I’d when what valves are closed?
Is this when the LV is at its largest?

A

AV and MV
Yes

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23
Q

In end systole for LV of PLAX, what valves are closed? And is this when the LV is at its smallest?

A

MV and AV
Yes

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24
Q

PLAC end systole what 2 measurements to you take?

A

LVIDs and LA

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25
Q

PLAX : what 3 spots should you put M - mode?

A
  • aortic root and AV
  • MV
  • left ventricle
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26
Q

In right apical view what M- mode measurement do you do?

A

TAPSE

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27
Q

In 4 chamber, where should the transducer be placed?

A

Indicator at 3 o’clock towards patient left side point towards right shoulder

28
Q

Is apical view used to also assess the right side?

A

Yes

29
Q

Markers for 4 chamber view

A

RV
LV
MV
TV
RA
LA

30
Q

From 4 chamber view how should you move to get 2 chamber view?

A

Rotating the probe 90 degrees counter clockwise

31
Q

Can you see the descending aorta in 2 chamber?

A

Yes

32
Q

What do you see in 2 chamber ?

A

Apex
LV
LA
MV

33
Q

What are the MV leaflets?

A

Posterior and anterior

34
Q

How do you get 5 chamber?

A

Tilt probe head up from 4 chamber view

35
Q

What do you seen in 5 chamber?

A

LA
LV
MV
AV
PROX AO
LVOT

36
Q

To assess AV what should you do ?

A

COLOR
SPECTRAL DOPPLER

37
Q

How do you get 3 chamber?
Where should the probe be (time?)

A

From 2 chamber, rotate probe 99 degrees counter clockwise
9 or 10 o’clock

38
Q

3 chamber is similar to ___ except now the LV apex is seen in near field.

A

PLAX

39
Q

Subcostal view is the best view to detect what pathology?

A

Pericardial effusion

40
Q

Subcostal view is an ___ cut though the heart

A

Oblique

41
Q

What 3 things to do check for in Subcostal?

A

PE
systolic dysfunction
Wall motion abnormalities

42
Q

In Subcostal you should scan below the ______ process

A

Subxyohoid

43
Q

Subcostal view is similar to apical 4 chamber but the ultrasound beam is more _____ to the atria and ventricular septum

A

Perpendicular

44
Q

subcostal view is a good view to check for what septal pathology?

A

PFO or ASD

45
Q

To get the IVC from Subcostal turn the probe ….

A

To 12 o’clock tilting medial and laterally

46
Q

How should you put the probe for aortic arch?

A

Place probe in suprasternal notch pointed to 2 o clock

47
Q

What are the 3 branches that come off the aortic arch?

A

Brachiocephalic
Left common carotid artery
Left subclavian

48
Q

The LA is traced in ____ in both apical 4 and 2 chamber views

A

End systole

49
Q

In 4 chamber, trace the LV volume (Simpson) at what 2 times in the cycle?

A

End diastole
End systole

50
Q

In 2 chamber, LV volume should be measured in what 2 parts of the cycle?

A

End diasyole
End systole

51
Q

What is the normal volume of the LA ?

A

<36 mL/m^2

52
Q

Do you include the LAA in LA volume measurement?

A

NO

53
Q

What do you measure with PW on mitral valve?
_ what direction do they go? Above or below baseline?

A

E and A waves
above the baseline towards the transducer

54
Q

Which way will MR wave be during systole?

A

Below / negative wave

55
Q

What will MS show in CW during diastolic filling?

A

Flattened appearance to the E and A waves

56
Q

What is the normal MVA in cm2?

A

> 2 cm^2

57
Q

What is the MVA for severe MS?

A

<1 cm^2

58
Q

TR will appear as a ____ wave during systole

A

Negative

59
Q

Is TR trace used to calculate RVSP?

A

Yes

60
Q

Estimate Right atrial pressure based on ______

A

IVC

61
Q

RAP 3 numbers increasing with severity
What does each stand for?

A

3- IVC not dilated and collapsing
8 - IVC not dilated and collapsing
15- IVC dilated and not collapsing

62
Q

RVSP equation

A

4 x TRPV^2 + RAP= RVSP

63
Q

What is the normal flow for AV?

A

Negative , away from transducer

64
Q

AR will be (towards or away) from the transducer in CW?

A

Towards

65
Q

AS will be ____ from the transducer in CW

A

Away

66
Q

EF in diastolic dysfunction

A

> 50%

67
Q

Adult normal VTI

A

18-22 cm

CCI book Review (7 decks)

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