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ECM Flashcards

1
Q

Structural Proteins

A

Colalgen-strength

Elastin-resilience

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2
Q

Glycosaminoglycans

A

complex sugars that bind water and resist compression

Negatively charged

in joints/eye

Binds to proteoglycans

GAG

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3
Q

Proteoglycans

A

Proteints that vacantly bind to GAG

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4
Q

Adhesive glycoproteins

A

fibronectin, laminin, etactcin

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5
Q

Ground substance

A

Macromoleuclar compoentts-

structural proteins, glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, adhesive glycoproteins

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6
Q

Ground subtance+ cells

A

connective tissue

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7
Q

What is under the epithelium

A

basal lamina then connective tissue

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8
Q

Parenchyma

A

specialized epithelium

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9
Q

2 main regions of basal laminia + under that

=total is basement membrane

A

electron dense region underlying epithelial laer (rara/lucida/interna)-this part binds to hemidosmosomes

Much more electron dense under that-lamina densa

lamnia reticularis-made by fibroblasts, type 3 collagen

can only see difference in basement membrane with EM

under that is the stroma

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10
Q

what mediates continuum between cell surface and ecm

A

syndecans and integrins

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11
Q

Basement membrane

Basement membrane at EM and whats inside them

A

Can see with LM

Basal-laminin, fibronectin, coallagen, proteoglycans, enactin

Reticular-type 3 collagen (reticular fibers)

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12
Q

type 3 collagen is known as

A

reticular fibers

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13
Q

Stroma characteristic

A

fell cells, lots of matrix, dense irregular connective tissue

some tissues have specialized fibroblasts that secrete in stroma-secrete bone/cartledge

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14
Q

Collagen structure + facts

A

most abundant protein in body

individual collagen form triple helix, extensive, and can bind to other triple helixes to make huge molecule

Gly-x-y-gly-h atom (h is in middle of helix) side chain-repeats and fits inside helix
-X,Y s often P or K and can be hydroxylated-contributes to hydrogen binding or can be deaminited

K-contributes to cross linking to produce fibrils

mutation in glycine-disease

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15
Q

Fibril

A

Many triple helixes of collagen

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16
Q

Type 1, 2, 3 collagens

A

All form fibrils

1-bone , skin tendons-90% of body collagen

2-carledge

3-skin, blood vessels-exppand and contract-in stroma

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17
Q

type 7 collagen

A

anchors fibrils

beneath stratified squamous epithelia

stroma/blistering

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18
Q

collagen synthesis pathway

A

synthesized in city, bind SRP, ER, secreted

  • hydroxlate some proteins and lysine
  • glycoslate selected hydroxylysines
  • extension peptides keep from multimerizing in cell-but does a little enough to be exerted through sec vesicle
  • triplex forms-seceded out of cell as pro collagen
  • made into tropocollagen by removing extension peptides
  • self assemble into huge fibers
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19
Q

what hydroxylates glycine and prolines in collagen

A

vitamin c

can’t replace weak collagen with stronger-scurvy-teeth fall out

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20
Q

lysyl oxidase

A

cross-links tropocollagen molecules

DRAW SLIDE 10

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21
Q

Collagen type 3

A

Reticular-silver stain

in lymph nodes

more carbs thiner fibrils, more branches, fewer bundles

IMMUNE STRUCTURES

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22
Q

fibril associated collagen

A

ex-typle 9

interruption of triple helix-less rigid-form hinge

extensio peptides generally retained

Decorates outside of type 2 collagen (in cartilage)-9 is on outside

Join integrity

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23
Q

collagen type 4

A

network forming

major component of basement membrane+ basal lamina

extensio peptides are never cleaved-c and N termini interact=form dimer

N terminus has origination out of plane-vertical extensions-multilayer

  • chicken wire array
  • many of these form stacked network of sheets
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24
Q

Type 7 collagen

A

if mutated blistering-between epithelium and basement membrane

monomers make dimer, interact between stroma and lamina dense, keep storm attached to lamina densa

basement membrane NOT intact

BELOW LAMINA DENSA

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25
type 12 collagen
transmembrane protein anchors fibrils=monomers interact via c-terminal disulfide bonds-interacts with later densa -N nd C not cleaved-interact to make anchoring fibrils interacts with lamina densa if this is messed up-blistering disease, epithelial cells peel away-basement membrane intact ABOVE LAMINA DENSA
26
Mutants with shortened C-termini
cannot associate-blistering below BM
27
type 4 aka
lamina densa
28
Which collegians retain extension peptides during assembly
network forming
29
Which collagens form fibrils
1,2,3
30
which collagen stains dif and why
3 b/c increased CHO
31
elastin
highly cross linked monomers - assembed extracellularly - provide resillence - elsatin fibers are surrounded by microfibrils composed of fibrilin
32
marfan sydnrome
mutation in fibrilin 1 overgrown lengthening of limbs weak elastic fibers distended aorta-prone to rupture
33
ECM disorders - hyperextendable skin - altered eslastin - epidermolysis bullosa
- too much type 3 collagen-skin very stretchy - no recoil - epithelium and basement membrane peeled away - type 7 collagen anchoring fibrils are disrupted
34
GAGs
glycosaminoglycans negatively charged, bind to water, resist compression molecules repel each her at negative charge, but attract water-fill a lot of space can be sulfated or not sulfated + attached to protein or not
35
Aggrecan
aggrecan+type ii collagen+type 9+linker proteins exist in chrdrocyte matrix-cartledge Make up a lot of space Forms aggregates with hylarunic acid
36
hyaluronic acid
gag that is non sulfated and not attached to protein
37
Perlecan-functions
basal laminae, strucural and filteing fucntion in basal lamina
38
Syndecan 1
fibroblast and epithelial cell surface cell adhesion-co receptor -bind to growth factors and present to dif receptors connection between ECM and internal signaling pathway
39
Adhesive glycoproteins
attach to ECM, specific sequences-RGD, can interact with specific reports on cell (integrins) laminas and fibronectins can bind many different molecules has regions that bind to collagen/otehr components of ECM Laminin's and fibronectins
40
Integrin alpha6beta1
binds laminin
41
Laminin
major component of basal lamina | bind to cell surface receptors (integrins)-via RGD, type 4 collagen, and other adhesive proteins
42
Fibronectin
reduced in tumor cells-can allow uncontrolled growth integrin alpha5 beta1-cell attachment site two binding sites for interns, collagen, heparin, and fibrin Modular domains
43
ECM componenets interacting
everyone interacts with everyone-bile network of different interactions depending on tissue type
44
Integrin binding
both to collagen and laminin
45
Are all gags bound to proteins?
no-hyalurnic acid is not
46
Lamin and fibronectin can only bind to oneanotehr molecome?
no-they have several modular domains
47
which collagens are found in ECM
aggrean, 2 , and 9
48
What is found in basement membrane
Perlecan (proteoglycan) and laminin
49
Integrins
Mediate communication between ECM and internal cell signaling by interacting with cytskeleton dimers-not always active-help wbc/clots enter cell-would be bad if could enter whenever it wanted both subunits involve din binding substrate via RGD sequences beta subunts binds cytoskeleton (actin usually) that can initiate formation of signaling comeplexes
50
Focal adhesion complex
Acts with actin and itegrin to send signal into cell
51
integrins 2
Organize cytoskeleton-bind actin bdining proteins and the actin focal accession forms at site of bounds intern via Rho GTPase Recurits signalling moleculees -focal adhesion kinase Two transmembrane subunits
52
focal adhesion kinase
focadhesion kinase is signalling molecule that when active can phosphoryalte tyrosine residue-different signaling molecule form focal adhesion complex -integrins active, assemble actin cytoskeleton, and organize signaling molecules
53
Major classes of interns
beta 1-bind ECM to fibronectin or laminin beta 2-white blood cells 3-platelets 40desmosomes, bind specific laminin type
54
what are integrins important for and what diseases are there
important for entry of abc into tissue, mediated by beta2 beta 2 mut in these leads to leukocyte adhesion deficeincy-no adhere to endothelium beta 3 ingretins-glanzmans disease-inability to bind fibrinogen during clotting
55
Integrins and syndecans
cell membrane proteins that both interact with ECM components intern with fibronectin-which is moldular-can bind other stuff like collagen/proteoglycans interns can also bind to laminins along with syndecans b1 integrins
56
b4 integrin
hemidesmosomes just one of man systems involved in keeping epithelium bound to underlying tissue mutation in beta 4-integrin can't assemble-cant bind laminin 5 or collagen 12-epithelium peels away pachorning filaments bind surface of epithelia to lamina dens
57
Intracellular signallinga nd integrins
Intergrin binding regulates intracellular signaling but other intracellular pathways can also regulate intern activity things can go out to in and in to out -done by conformational chages
58
integrin activation
something binds to signal receptor, receptor activates integrin through intracellular signaling events, integrin then binds to matrix -activation is conformational change -lymphocyte binding to endothelium (b2) and platelet bindign to fibrinogen (b3)
59
endothelium and platelet bindign to fibrinogen
(b2) and (b3)
60
lympho binding to endothelium via selectin
b2 integrin conormation changes allowing binding to endothelial surface receptors during roll of lympho-integrins are activated-straighten up and spread out chains selectins not only sow WBC down, but initiate signal needed to convert intern beta 2 on WBC to active, so can move into tissue the integrins are on lympho

BMS 2 (41 decks)

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