Ecology

Question 1

When levels of carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere increase what does that contribute to

Answer 1

Global warming

Question 2

How do humans reduce the amount of land available for other animals and plants

Answer 2

By building, quarrying, farming and dumping waste

Question 3

Pollution kills plants and animals which reduces what

Answer 3

Biodiversity

Question 4

How can pollution occur

Answer 4

In water (Sewage, fertilizer or toxic chemicals)
In air (Smoke and acidic gases)
On land (Landfill and toxic chemicals)

Question 5

What is biodiversity

Answer 5

Biodiversity is the variety of all the different species of organisms on earth or within the ecosystem

Question 6

Define habitat

Answer 6

The habitat is the environment in which an organism lives in

Question 7

Define population

Answer 7

A population is the total number of organisms of the same species living in the same geographical area

Question 8

Define a community

Answer 8

A community is the populations of all the different species that live in the same habitat

Question 9

What does the word biotic mean

Answer 9

Living

Question 10

What does the word abiotic mean

Answer 10

Nonliving

Question 11

Define an ecosystem

Answer 11

Ecosystem is both the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment and how they interact

Question 12

What do plants compete for

Answer 12

Water and mineral ions in the soil
light and for space 

Question 13

What do animals compete for

Answer 13

Food and water
Mating partners and territory

Question 14

What do organisms require to survive and reproduce

Answer 14

A supply of materials from their surroundings and from their living organisms

Question 15

Within a community what does each species depend on

Answer 15

On other species for food, shelter, pollination

Question 16

Describe interdependence 

Answer 16

All of the different species in a community depend on each other if one species is removed it’s gonna affect the whole community.

Question 17

Define a stable community

Answer 17

A stable community is where all species and environmental factors are in balance so that the population sizes remain fairly constant

Question 18

What are the four biotic factors which can affect the community

Answer 18

Availability of food
new predators arriving
new pathogens
one species outcompeting another so the numbers are no longer significance to the breed and may become extinct

Question 19

What are the seven abiotic factors which can affect a community

Answer 19

Light intensity
temperature
moisture levels
soil pH and mineral contains
wind intensity and direction
carbon dioxide levels for plants
oxygen levels for animals 

Question 20

What is extremophiles

Answer 20

Organisms that are adapted to live in extreme conditions For example high temperature, pressure or salt concentration

Question 21

What type of features do organisms have and what do they enable them to do

Answer 21

Adaptations. Enable them to survive in their conditions which they normally live in these adaptations may be structural behavioral functional.

Question 22

Name three adaptions

Answer 22

Behavioral functional structural

Question 23

What are bacteria living in the deep sea vents called

Answer 23

Extremophiles

Question 24

Explain the food chain

Answer 24

Produces are eaten by primary consumers which are then eaten by secondary consumers then territory consumers

Question 25

What are consumers that kill and it’s animals called

Answer 25

Predators which eat prey

Question 26

What happens in a stable community

Answer 26

The number of predators and prey rise and fall in cycles

Question 27

Why are producers important in food chains

Answer 27

Because they synthesize complex molecules

Question 28

What do scientists call molecules such as glucose

Answer 28

Biomass

Question 29

How does a green plant or alga make glucose

Answer 29

By photosynthesis

Question 30

Why are all materials in the living world recycled?

Answer 30

To provide the building blocks for the future organisms

Question 31

What does the carbon cycle do

Answer 31

Carbon cycle returns carbon from the organisms to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide to be used by plants in photosynthesis

Question 32

What does the water cycle do?

Answer 32

The water cycle provides fresh water for plants and animals on land before draining into the seas

Question 33

What does the future of human species on Earth rely on

Answer 33

Maintaining a good level of biodiversity

Question 34

What does rapid growth in human population and an increase in the standard of living mean

Answer 34

This means more resources are used and more waste is produced unless waist and chemical materials are properly handled more pollution will be caused 

Question 35

What are peats used for

Answer 35

To produce cheap compost for gardens and farms and in some countries its burnt to release energy for example to generate electricity 

Question 36

What happens if the decay or burning of the peat gets released 

Answer 36

Carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere this causes climate change

Question 37

What are the advantages and disadvantages of destruction of peat bogs and other areas of peat

Answer 37

Advantage: It’s cheap Creates garden compost Cheaper pricing of food Disadvantage: Reduces the area of habitat and variety of different plants Decreases biodiversity (ex. Animals and microorganisms)

Question 38

How is Methane produce

Answer 38

By bacteria in Paddy Fields which are used to grow rice Buy cows when they pass wind

Question 39

What are both carbon dioxide and methane

Answer 39

Greenhouse gases (They trap heat in the atmosphere)

Question 40

What is peer review

Answer 40

When information discovered is checked by other scientists before publishing

Question 41

What has large scales of deforestation in tropical areas occurred to

Answer 41

Provide the land for cattle and rice fields Grow crops for biofuels 

Question 42

What did scientists and concerned citizens put to Reduce the negative effects

Answer 42

They have put in place programs to reduce the negative affects of humans on ecosystems and biodiversity

Question 43

Name decomposers and what they do

Answer 43

Bacteria and fungi are decomposers which break down dead organisms in a process called decomposition or rotting

Question 44

What process do decomposers speeds up

Answer 44

Decay 

Question 45

What do decomposers produce

Answer 45

Enzymes which release into dead matter to digest it

Question 46

What type of traps catch small mammals

Answer 46

Pitfall traps

Question 47

What is a transect

Answer 47

An imaginary line used as a part of symmetric sampling

Question 48

What does a great bio diversity ensure

Answer 48

The stability of ecosystems by reducing one species on another for food shelter and maintenance of the physical environment.

Question 49

What are humans doing to biodiversity

Answer 49

Human activities are reducing biodiversity and are trying to stop this reduction

Question 50

What can we learn from fossil fuels

Answer 50

How much or how little different organisms have changed as life developed on earth

Question 51

Many early forms of life were soft bodied what does this mean

Answer 51

Meaning that they have left few traces behind