Infection And Response

Question 1

What are pathogens

Answer 1

Pathogens are microorganisms

Question 2

What do microorganisms (pathogens) cause 

Answer 2

They cause infections diseases.

Question 3

What can pathogens be

Answer 3

Viruses
Bacteria
Protests
Fungi

Question 4

Pathogens can infect? And how can they be spread?

Answer 4

Plant or animals and can be spread by direct contact by water or by air

Question 5

Do bacterias and viruses reproduce slowly or rapidly in the body

Answer 5

They reproduce rapidly inside the body

Question 6

What does bacteria produce

Answer 6

Poisons toxins

Question 7

What do the poisons toxins do (bacteria)

Answer 7

Damage tissues and make animals feel ill

Question 8

Viruses live and reproduce inside cell this causes?

Answer 8

Cell damage

Question 9

What are the symptoms of measles

Answer 9

Fever and a red skin rash

Question 10

What are measles

Answer 10

They are a viral disease

Question 11

What does HIV cause

Answer 11

A flu-like illness where the virus attacks the immune cells

Question 12

How can you control HIV

Answer 12

Antiretroviral 

Question 13

What is tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)

Answer 13

It is a widespread plant pathogen affecting many species of plants including tomatoes

Question 14

What is Salmonella

Answer 14

Salmonella is a food poisoning that is spread by bacteria ingested in food or on food prepared in unhygienic conditions

Question 15

What is gonorrhea (STD)

Answer 15

Gonorrhea is a sexually-transmitted disease with symptoms of a thick yellow or green discharge from the vagina or penis and pain on urinating.

Question 16

What is gonorrhea caused by

Answer 16

It is caused by a bacterium

Question 17

How can you treat gonorrhea

Answer 17

Gonorrhea can be easily treated with antibiotic penicillin then until many resistant strains appeared

Now the spread can be controlled by treatment with antibiotics or the use of a barrier (eg. Condom)

Question 18

How can gonorrhea be spread

Answer 18

Gonorrhea is spread by sexual contact

Question 19

What is rose black spot

Answer 19

Rose black spot is a fungal disease where purple or black spots develop on leaves, which often turn yellow and drop early

Question 20

How does Rose black Spot affect plants

Answer 20

It affects the growth of plants as photosynthesis is reduced

Question 21

Name three viral diseases

Answer 21

Measles
HIV
TMV (tobacco mosaic virus)

Question 22

Name 2 bacterial diseases

Answer 22

Gonorrhea and salmonella

Question 23

Name a fungal disease

Answer 23

Rose black spot 

Question 24

Name a protist disease

Answer 24

Malaria

Question 25

The pathogens that cause malaria are called

Answer 25

Protists

Question 26

The malaria protests have a cycle that includes?

Answer 26

Mosquitoes

Question 27

What does malaria cause

Answer 27

It causes fever

Question 28

How can you avoid the spread of malaria

Answer 28

Preventing the vectors, mosquitoes from breeding and using mosquito nets to avoid being bitten

Question 29

Name the symptoms of salmonella

Answer 29

Fever cramps vomiting diarrhea

Question 30

Name five defense systems of the human body against pathogens 

Answer 30

Skin (Acts as a barrier to pathogens) nose (Contains hairs and mucus to trap particles that could contain pathogens) bronchi and Trachea (mucus to trap pathogens) stomach (Contains hydrochloric acid)

Question 31

How is HIV spread

Answer 31

HIV is spread by sexual contact or exchange of body fluids such as blood which occurs when drug users share needles

Question 32

Explain how the spread of diseases can be reduced or prevented

Answer 32

Being hygienic (eg. Washing your hands) destroying vectors (Insects can be killed using insecticides or destroying their habitat) isolating infected individuals (Prevents being passed on to anyone else) vaccinations (Can’t develop infections to pass on (Communicable diseases))

Question 33

What is the role of the immune system and the defense against diseases

Answer 33

Consuming them producing antibodies producing anti-toxins

Question 34

If a pathogen enters the body what does the immune system do

Answer 34

The immune system tries to destroy pathogens

Question 35

What is phagocytosis 

Answer 35

It is when white blood cells can engulf foreign cells and digest them

Question 36

what do vaccinations involve

Answer 36

They involve introducing small quantities of dead or in active forms of pathogens to the body to simulate the white blood cells to produce antibodies

Question 37

How do vaccinations help prevent the spread of pathogens

Answer 37

If the same path of pathogens re-enters the body the white blood cells responds quickly to produce the correct antibodies preventing infections

Question 38

Painkillers and other medicines are used to treat symptoms of

Answer 38

Diseases but do not kill pathogens (Viruses, bacteria, protists, fungi)

Question 39

What do drugs that kill viruses damage

Answer 39

Body tissues (It is difficult to develop drugs that to viruses without also damaging the body tissues)

Question 40

New medical drugs have to be tested and chills before being used why?

Answer 40

To check that they are safe and effective 

Question 41

New drugs are extensively tested for what

Answer 41

toxicity efficiency dose