Ecology

Question 1

In ecosystems, organisms compete for…

Answer 1

-food
-water
-space
-light
-carbon dioxide
-mates

Question 2

interdependence is…

Answer 2

organisms depending on each other for survival. When this happens a Community is formed.

Question 3

an individual is…

Answer 3

a single biotic organism

Question 4

a population is…

Answer 4

a colony of same individuals

Question 5

a community is…

Answer 5

multiple populations that are interdependent on one another

Question 6

an ecosystem is…

Answer 6

a combination of abiotic and biotic communities living harmoniously.

Question 7

A stable community is…

Answer 7

one in which the size of communities remain constant over time

Question 8

If a community has high ____________ is has a tendency to remain stable

Answer 8

biodiversity

this is because organisms are able to be dependent on a variety of species rather than a single one.

Question 9

Feeding Relationships: what is the first population called and why?

Answer 9

the PRODUCER because it makes its own food

Question 10

Feeding Relationships: What is the second population in the feeding relationship called?

Answer 10

primary consumer

Question 11

Feeding Relationships: what is the third population in the feeding relationship called?

Answer 11

secondary consumer

Question 12

Feeding Relationships: what is the last population in the feeding relationship called?

Answer 12

tertiary consumer

Question 13

What do trophic levels show us?

Answer 13

the position of an organism in a food chain

Question 14

What trophic level is a producer?

Answer 14

1

Question 15

abiotic factors in an ecosystem are…

Answer 15

• light
• temperature
• moisture
• soil PH
• Co2 and O2

Question 16

biotic factors in an ecosystem are…

Answer 16

the impact of other organisms on an ecosystem

Question 17

Apex predators are…

Answer 17

always at the top of a food chain and have no predators.

Question 18

All life is __________-based

Answer 18

carbon

Question 19

What is carbon containing material called?

Answer 19

organic material

Question 20

Carbon is one of the most important nutrients to be…

Answer 20

cycled as all living organisms contain carbon

Question 21

Carbon Cycle: photosythesis

Answer 21

Plants take the carbon dioxide in the air and convert it to glucose which they use as their food.

6CO2 + 6H20 -> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 22

Carbon Cycle: Feeding and Digestion

Answer 22

Carbon in plants is taken into herbivores and omnivores

Question 23

Carbon Cycle: Respiration

Answer 23

Animals and plants glucose for energy which releases carbon back into the air

Question 24

Carbon Cycle: Decay

Answer 24

Decay is carried out by microorganisms called decomposers and they feed on droppings and dead organisms, carrying out respiration which produces carbon, and also the process of decay also releases carbon.

Question 25

Carbon Cycle: combustion

Answer 25

Burning releases CO2 into the atmosphere

Question 26

Biodiversity meaning....

Answer 26

the variety of species of organisms you have in an ecosystem

Question 27

Human development and globalisation and industrialisation tends to lead to a reduced biodiversity because...

Answer 27

pollution, deforestation, oil spillages, Co2 emissions etc. cause species to go extinct and lead to the destruction of habitats.

Question 28

Decomposition often called "rotting" is the...

Answer 28

process by which dead organic matter is broken down into simpler matter such as Co2, water, glucose or minerals.

Question 29

Decomposition is carried out by two groups of organisms:

Answer 29

detrivores - small animals like worms or woodlice decomposers - like fungi/bacteria

Question 30

Factors that affect rate of decomposition: OXYGEN

Answer 30

The higher the concentration of oxygen, the more aerobic respiration the decomposers can carry out, hence they have more energy available, and can carry out decay faster.

Question 31

Factors that affect rate of decomposition: TEMPERATURE

Answer 31

Particles have more internal energy and therefore more kinetic energy, therefore enzymes are closer to their optimum temperature and there is a higher rate of reaction.

Question 32

Factors that affect rate of decomposition: WATER

Answer 32

Decomposers need water to survive

Question 33

Why is Biogas Generated during decay sometimes?

Answer 33

Some decomposers can carry out decay without oxygen, as they respire anaerobically. Anaerobic decay produces biogas primarily made of methane.

Question 34

Methane burns easily and can be used as a...

Answer 34

fuel.

Question 35

What are biogas generators?

Answer 35

Large containers in which animal or plant waste is left to decay anaerobically so that they produce methane. This also leaves behind a sluggy residue dense in materials so it can be used as a fertiliser by farmers.