IVE - Protein Synthesis

Question 1

In order for proteins to be made, the sequences of bases in genes needs to be read by ribosomes. This isn’t easy since…

Answer 1

the DNA is enclosed within the nucleus and cannot move out. The ribosomes are outside of the nucleus.

Question 2

What is the copy of the gene that can move out of the nucleus called?

Answer 2

mRNA

Question 3

Whats the process of mRNA being made called?

Answer 3

TRANSCRIPTION

Question 4

What are the differences between mRNA and DNA?

Answer 4

• mRNA is a single strand and is much shorter than DNA (only as long as the gene).
• instead of the base T, U is complimentary to A.

Question 5

What’s the enzyme involved in transcription called?

Answer 5

RNA polymerase

Question 6

Explain the process of transcription:

Answer 6

1. the enzyme RNA polymerase binds to the DNA just before the gene that needs to be copied, and the DNA separates into two strands.
2. As the DNA separates, the bases become exposed.
3. the enzyme reads only a template strand, creating the mRNA complimentary to this strand.
4. once the mRNA is completed the RNA polymerase detaches.

Question 7

the DNA only opens slightly ahead of the RNA polymerase, and quickly closes after it passes so that…

Answer 7

only a small part of DNA is exposed.

Question 8

Then, the mRNA moves out of the nucleus to the ribosome, for…

Answer 8

translation.

Question 9

Explain the process of translation:

Answer 9

1. Each triplet code of the mRNA would attract a tRNA with the specific amino acid is codes for, and an anti-colon that is complimentary and can bind to it.
2. as the ribosome moves along the mRNA, the tRNA are chained together to create a polypeptide.
3. the chain of amino acids eventually completed, folds and forms a protein.

Question 10

whats the name of the molecule that brings the specific amino acid to the mRNA during translation?

Answer 10

tRNA