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ecology cycles Flashcards

(84 cards)

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1
Q

closed system

A
  • energy exchange
  • NO matter exchange
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2
Q

open system

A
  • energy and matter exchange
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3
Q

photosynthesis

A

6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2

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4
Q

cellular respiration

A

C6H12O6 (aq) + 6 O2 (g) –> 6 CO2(g) + 6 H2O (l)
* ALL LIVING THINGS DO IT*

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5
Q

1st law of thermodynamics

A

amount of energy is constant

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6
Q

2nd law of thermodynamics

A

energy is neither created or destroyed

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7
Q

autotrophs

A

self feeding
suns energy –> chemical energy

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8
Q

heterotrophs

A

energy gained by eating producers

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9
Q

decomposers

A

return nutrients to soil
- also called detritivores

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10
Q

trophic levels

A

1 - producers, autotrophs
2 - primary consumer, herbivores
3 - secondary consumer, carnivores
4 - tertiary consumer, top carnivores

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11
Q

types of pyramids

A
  • numbers
  • biomass
  • energy
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12
Q

pyramid of biomass

A

representation of the total biomass measured in g/m^2

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13
Q

pyramid of energy

A
  • measured in joules of energy
  • always pyramid shape
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14
Q

biotic

A

living

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15
Q

abiotic

A

non-living

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16
Q

biomagnification

A

increase in toxin concentrations from one level to another on a food chains

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17
Q

rule of ten

A

10% of energy goes to the next consumer

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18
Q

homeostasis

A

a state of balance

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19
Q

properties of water

A
  • polar molecule
  • universal solvent
  • high specific heat capacity
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20
Q

high specific heat capacity

A

can absorb or release a LOT energy before changing energy

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21
Q

the hydrologic cycle

A

evaporation –> condesation –> precipitation

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22
Q

percolation

A

runoff, trickles through rock picking up ions as it becomes ground water

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23
Q

transpiration

A
  • plants release O2 during photosynthesis
  • H2O is lost
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24
Q

anoxic

A

lack of oxygen

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25
hypoxic
less oxygen
26
cynobacteria
photosynthesize to release O2
27
stromatolites
fossilized rocks trapping cynobacteria
28
carbon cycle
- photosynthesis - cellular respiration - combustion - decomposition
29
combustion
chemical reaction to oxygen that gives off heat
30
decomposition
the process of breaking down dead organic substances
31
carbon sources
any process that releases CO2 into the biosphere
32
carbon sinks
stores CO2
33
nitrogen (facts)
- nitrogen is most of our atmosphere - nitrogen compounds are key components of proteins
34
nitrogen fixation process
rhizobium (bacteria) complete the reaction (free nitrogen) N2 --> (ammonia) NH3
35
ammonification
toxic ammonia (NH3) --> ammonium (NH4)
36
nitrification
NH3 --> NO2 --> NO3 1. ammonia gets oxidized and becomes nitrite 2. nitrites become nitrates
37
dentrifying
bacteria convert excess nitrate and nitrite to nitrogen gas NO3 --> N2 (reverse fixation)
38
short phosphorus cycle
heterotrophs eat it, release waste, waste decomposes for plants to use
39
phosphorus is a component of...
DNA, ATP, and RNA
40
long phosphorus cycle
phosphate dissolves in water, is used by animals to produce rocks (deposit)
41
rhizobia
nitrogen-fixing bacteria
42
- energy exchange - NO matter exchange
closed system
43
- energy and matter exchange
open system
44
6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
photosynthesis
45
C6H12O6 (aq) + 6 O2 (g) --> 6 CO2(g) + 6 H2O (l) * ALL LIVING THINGS DO IT*
cellular respiration
46
amount of energy is constant
1st law of thermodynamics
47
energy is neither created or destroyed
2nd law of thermodynamics
48
*self feeding* suns energy --> chemical energy
autotrophs
49
energy gained by eating producers
heterotrophs
50
return nutrients to soil - also called detritivores
decomposers
51
1 - producers, autotrophs 2 - primary consumer, herbivores 3 - secondary consumer, carnivores 4 - tertiary consumer, top carnivores
trophic levels
52
- numbers - biomass - energy
types of pyramids
53
representation of the total biomass measured in g/m^2
pyramid of biomass
54
- measured in joules of energy - always pyramid shape
pyramid of energy
55
living
biotic
56
non-living
abiotic
57
increase in toxin concentrations from one level to another on a food chains
biomagnification
58
10% of energy goes to the next consumer
rule of ten
59
a state of balance
homeostasis
60
- polar molecule - universal solvent - high specific heat capacity
properties of water
61
can absorb or release a LOT energy before changing energy
high specific heat capacity
62
evaporation --> condesation --> precipitation
the hydrologic cycle
63
runoff, trickles through rock picking up ions as it becomes ground water
percolation
64
- plants release O2 during photosynthesis - H2O is lost
transpiration
65
lack of oxygen
anoxic
66
less oxygen
hypoxic
67
photosynthesize to release O2
cynobacteria
68
fossilized rocks trapping cynobacteria
stromatolites
69
- photosynthesis - cellular respiration - combustion - decomposition
carbon cycle
70
chemical reaction to oxygen that gives off heat
combustion
71
the process of breaking down dead organic substances
decomposition
72
any process that releases CO2 into the biosphere
carbon sources
73
stores CO2
carbon sinks
74
- nitrogen is most of our atmosphere - nitrogen compounds are key components of proteins
nitrogen (facts)
75
rhizobium (bacteria) complete the reaction (free nitrogen) N2 --> (ammonia) NH3
nitrogen fixation process
76
toxic ammonia (NH3) --> ammonium (NH4)
ammonification
77
NH3 --> NO2 --> NO3 1. ammonia gets oxidized and becomes nitrite 2. nitrites become nitrates
nitrification
78
bacteria convert excess nitrate to nitrogen gas NO3 --> N2 (reverse fixation)
dentrifying
79
heterotrophs eat it, release waste, waste decomposes for plants to use
short phosphorus cycle
80
DNA, ATP, and RNA
phosphorus is a component of...
81
phosphate dissolves in water, is used by animals to produce rocks (deposit)
long phosphorus cycle
82
nitrogen-fixing bacteria
rhizobia
83
biomass production
g/m2/year
84
rate of energy measurement
J/m2/year

bio 20 (9 decks)

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