Ecology- Light Interactions with Biology

Question 1

What are the four major types of pigments?

Answer 1

Anthocyanins
Carotenoids
Betalains
Chlorophylls

Question 2

Anthocyanins

Answer 2

A pigment responsible for red-blue colour, including Cyanidin, Delphinidin, Pelargonidin, Peonidin, Petunidin and Malvidin

Question 3

Carotenoids

Answer 3

Pigments for yellow-orange colours

Question 4

Wave lengths of Y, O and R…

Answer 4

570-590, 590-620 and 620-750

Question 5

Types of carotenoids

Answer 5

Alpha/Beta Carotene cryptoxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin and lycopene

Question 6

Structure of carotenoids?

Answer 6

Eight isoprene molecules with a 40-carbon chain backbone

Question 7

Betalains

Answer 7

Are water soluble nitrogen containing pigemnts providing red violet and yellow colours

Question 8

Chlorophylls

Answer 8

Green pigments facilitating photossynthesis, absorbing 650-700 and 420-460

Question 9

Structure of chlorophyll…

Answer 9

Porphyrin ring and a sequestered magnesium ion

Question 10

Function of LHC…

Answer 10

Capture photon energy in the form of electronic excitations, in antenna like arrays..

Question 11

Why is quantum coherrence important in photosynthesis?

Answer 11

Optimises efficiency

Question 12

Quantum Coherrence

Answer 12

This is the splitting of a wave property, where the two waves interfere coherently with each other.

Question 13

Entanglemnet

Answer 13

Refers to quantum states of two or more particles are described with reference to the spatial seperation of the mboth

Question 14

Example of Coherrence…

Answer 14

Quantum Computing qubits exist in a superposiition of 0 and 1 states,.

Question 15

The channeling of photon energy in photosystems…

Answer 15

ETC through excitation states, used for NAPH

Question 16

How is the proton gradient generated for photosynthesse?

Answer 16

Oxygen Evolving Complex regenerates chlorophyll electrons neutralising it and generating H ion proton gradients from water splitting driving ATP synthase

Question 17

Efficiency of photosynthesis…

Answer 17

11%

Question 18

Light Attenutaiton

Answer 18

Reduction in photon intensity as it travels through a medium, due to the absorption/scattering of photons.

Question 19

Photoelectric EFfect

Answer 19

Emission of electrons or other free carriers when light shines on a metal with the reflfected of electrons

Question 20

Why is light attenuation important in water columns?

Answer 20

It determines light availabilt at depths

Question 21

Beer-Lambert Law

Answer 21

Shows that absorbance of a solution is proportional to concentration of the absorbing material present in the solution.

Question 22

Beer-Lambert Law Equation

Answer 22

Absorbance = Molar Absorptivity x Length of Light Path x Concentration

Question 23

Molar Absorptivity

Answer 23

Measures the strength of which a chemical speices absorbs light at a particular wavelenght

Question 24

Optical Light Pathy

Answer 24

Refers to distance light travels by refractive index times geometrical path lenght.