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Climate Change - Ocean/Terrestial > Ecology - Antarctica Adaptations > Flashcards

Ecology - Antarctica Adaptations Flashcards

1
Q

What do species adapt to?

A

High O2 concentrations and cold tempereratures.

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2
Q

Most prominent southern ocean fish….

A

Notothenioidei

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3
Q

Features of Notothenioidei,

A

Complete loss of NADH-6-dehydrogenase
Antifreeze Glycoproteins
Reduced HG

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4
Q

Antifreeze Glycoproteins

A

Allow avoidance of freezing by binding H20 and preventing ice crystal formation.

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5
Q

Structure of antifreeze glycopreoitnes.

A

Monomeric repeats of Thr-Ala-Ala each Thr linked to the A disaccharide galactose-N-acetyl galactosamine

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6
Q

Why do Channichthyidae lack hemoglobin?

A

Hihg O2 in southern ocean allows direct despotion through soltions.

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7
Q

Ambient air tempreatures of the southern ocean?

A

-40 to -60 whilst oceans near freezing

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8
Q

Mechanisms of controlling heat loss…

A

Conduction/Convection
Radiation/Evaporation

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9
Q

Behavioural adaptations…

A

Reducing surface area by curling or huddling in pengions

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10
Q

Examples of integumentary adaptaitons…

A

Winter plumage and blubber insulate

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11
Q

Fur insultaion…

A

Piloerection increases, however efficiency low in sleet, winds and water.

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12
Q

How is conductive heat loss maintained?

A

Peripiheral tissue cooling whilst maintaining core temperatre

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13
Q

Counter-current heat exchange

A

Prevents excessive heat loss being a two-phase flow regime which the working fluids flow in opposite directions.

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14
Q

Structure of Counter-current heat exchange mech…

A

Veins and Arteris run in close contact, two concentric conduits warm arterial blood cooled by the venus blood.

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15
Q

Risk of physical activity…

A

Overheating

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16
Q

Physical activity overheating adaptations…

A

Selective brain cooling
Icewater

17
Q

Thermoregulation importance in young….

A

Smaller size and wetness at birth.

18
Q

Altricial

A

Young hatched and requiring significant parental care

19
Q

Precocials

A

Born in advanced states able to feed themselves and move independetly.

20
Q

Thermogenesis

A

The dissipation of energy through the production of heat.

21
Q

Adaptations to food availability…

A

Lower basal metabolic rate
Physical activity lower
Fat storage
Hibernation
Surpus killing

22
Q

Photoperiod at the poles…

A

Days can change up to 30 min a day…

23
Q

Mechanism of circadian rhytmh….

A

Pineal gland recives information when stimulated by visual recogniton of light ocnditiosn.

24
Q

Function of melatonin…

A

Synchronizes the circadian rhytmhs…

25
Q

How do full-light animals recognise feeding times?

A

Recognise spectral compostion changes.

Climate Change - Ocean/Terrestial (18 decks)

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