Economic

Question 1

Bismarck economic change

When was the economic depression? What caused it?

Answer 1

1873-1890
Overinvestment and corruption combined with a slowing economy.

Question 2

Bismarck economic change

What happened as a result of the second industrial revolution?

Answer 2

Electrical output increased by 18% every year between 1890-1913

Question 3

Bismarck economic change

Which German electrical company was formed in 1883?

Answer 3

Deutsche Edison Gesellschaft - AEG

Question 4

Bismarck economic change

What chancellor had multiple international treaties? When? Which countries? What impact did this have?

Answer 4

Caprivi
1890-94
Italy, Russia, Belgium and Switzerland
Guarentted a market for German goods for 12 years.

Question 5

Bismarck economic change

Between 1872 and 1914 how much did German imports increase by? What did this mean?

Answer 5

£365 million
Biggest industial nation in Europe by 1900

Question 6

WW2 economic change

Who was director of AEG? What did he establish in 1914 and what did it do?

Answer 6

Walter Rathenau
War Raw Materials Department in 1914 which reorganised industry to ensure the war was covered

Question 7

WW2 economic change

When was The Central Purchasing Company created? What did it do?

Answer 7

1916
Organised imports from neutral companies to maintain trade during the war.

Question 8

Weimar economic change

How much war debt did the Weimar government inherit?

Answer 8

140,000 million marks

Question 9

Weimar economic change

What slowed economic progress in Weimar? What aided economic progress?

Answer 9

The French and Belgian occupation of the Ruhr from 1923-1925 slowed economic production

The 1924 Dawes Plan

Question 10

Weimar economic change

How much was $1 dollar in DM? How much for a loaf of bread?

Answer 10

4.2 trillion DM
DM 9 Million

Question 11

Weimar economic change

When was a new currency introduced? Under the direction of who?

Answer 11

1924 - Rentenmark
Chancellor Stresemann (and Schacht)

Question 12

Weimar economic change

When did production reach pre-WW1 levels?

Answer 12

By 1927

Question 13

Nazi change

By when had unemployment halved? How?

Answer 13

1934
Nazi investment in Public Works Schemes, self-sufficiency and rearment.

Question 14

Nazi Change

Which Nazi plan focussed on industry? What effect did it have?

Answer 14

1936 Four Year Plan

By 1938, 44% of government expenditure focussed on rearment.

Question 15

Nazi Change

What did chaos of the party cause for industry? Who fixed this?

Answer 15

Hampered production of key raw materials
Albert Speer - reorganised the Central Planning Board from 1942

Question 16

West Germany

Under which economic minister did the German economy begin to recover from the war? What also helped this?

Answer 16

Erhard

1948 Marshall Plan from the US

Question 17

West Germany

How much did West German GNP increase by during the 1950s? Why?

Answer 17

Trippled

Economy adapted from traditional industry to tertiary and quaternary sectors.

Question 18

West Germany

Which industries were favoured during the 1980s?

Answer 18

Consulting, advertising and research.

Question 19

Unemployment 1930-32

In June 1931, how much money was withdrawn from Germany and how many major banks collapsed because of this?

Answer 19

RM1000 Million
3 banks

Question 20

Unemployment 1930-32

How many unemployed by Dec 1930? How many by Jan 1932?

Answer 20

2.1 million
6 million

Question 21

Unemployment 1930-32

How did unemployment lead to a rise in extremism?

Answer 21

The opportunity to fight for a cause gave unemployed men a purpose. By 1932 the SA had grown from 100,000 to 400,000 and the Reichsbanner had 1 million men.

Question 22

Unemployment 1930-32

How many votes did Nazis gain during the 1930 election?

Answer 22

6.4 million votes

Question 23

Economic Miracle

How much money did West Germany recieve in Marshall Plan aid?

Answer 23

$99 million used to develop the coal, railway, electrical and steel industries

Question 24

Economic Miracle

How much did West Germany’s GDP grow by in how many years?

Answer 24

12% in 5 years

Question 25

Economic miracle When was co-determinism introduced and how did it help?

Answer 25

1951 Businesses with over 1000 employees in the iron and steel industry were allowed representatives of the workforce to have a say in how the business ran.

Question 26

Economic miracle How many refugees from the East who were young and willing to work?

Answer 26

3.6 million

Question 27

Bismarck changes in Agriculture How did WW1 damage the farming sector?

Answer 27

Lack of men and horses

Question 28

Bismarck changes in Agriculture When was Turnip Winter?

Answer 28

1916-1917

Question 29

Weimar Agriculture By 1931, how much had wheat prices dropped by?

Answer 29

1/3 of previous 1920s prices

Question 30

Weimar Agriculture How much higher were Weimar taxes on agriculture than those of the Kaiserreich?

Answer 30

4x higher

Question 31

Weimar Agriculture From 1928-32, how much did agricultural income drop by? How much below average was a farmer's income?

Answer 31

40% 44%

Question 32

Nazi Agriculture From 1933-38, how many people left rural areasto look for work in the cities?

Answer 32

1 million people

Question 33

Nazi Agriculture When did Nazis give greater subsidies to farmers? Why did these decline?

Answer 33

1938 The war

Question 34

Nazi Agriculture What government agency said that 8 million acres of additional farmland was needed to require self-sufficiency in 1933?

Answer 34

Reich Food Corperation.

Question 35

West German Agriculture When was the Agriculture Act introduced? What did it do?

Answer 35

1955 Increased protective tarriffs on agriculture

Question 36

West German Agriculture How much did agricultural employment decline by from 1950-70?

Answer 36

1.6 million

Question 37

West Germany Agriculture By 1989 how much did the agricultural sector contribute to GDP?

Answer 37

1.6%

Question 38

Protection 1879 Why did protectionism need to be introduced in Germany?

Answer 38

In 1873, The German Economy collapsed and over 150 companies went bankrupt - happened due to Germany being a new country.

Question 39

Protection 1879 What pressure group was formed in 1876 that wanted economic reform? Who opposed them?

Answer 39

The Central Association of German Industrialists National Liberala (Bismarck's relationship with them contributed to their split)

Question 40

Protection 1879 When did the Reichstag pass the Protective Tariff Law? Who supported it?

Answer 40

1879 - tarrifs on agriculture were the heaviest The 2 Conservative Parties and the Centre Party

Question 41

Navy Why did the Kaiser want a large navy?

Answer 41

To try and assert dominance in Africa

Question 42

Navy Who did the Kaiser appoint as secretary of state for the navy in 1897?

Answer 42

Tirpitz

Question 43

Navy What did Tirpitz's bill introduced in 1898 do?

Answer 43

Created 17 ships in 7 years - passes 212 votes to 139

Question 44

Navy By when had Germany doubled its navy? What happened as a result?

Answer 44

1914 - second largest after Britain Britain signed the Entente Cordiale with France in 1904 which furthered Anglo-French realtions.

Question 45

Nazi Policies Who introduced Mefo bills and what were they?

Answer 45

Schacht Bills that could only be spent within Germany and allowed the government to enter contracts with companies to finance rearmment, but they could pay in 4 years time.

Question 46

Nazi Policies How many Mefo bills issues to Germany industry? How much of arms expenditure did they fianance from 1934-36?

Answer 46

RM12,000 million worth 50%

Question 47

Nazi Policies When did Schacht introduce the New Plan and what did it do?

Answer 47

1934 Regulated industry by signing agreements with southern europe and latin america - Imports were paid with RM but those RM had to be used to invest in German industry.

Question 48

Nazi Policies When was the Four Year Plan introduced? What did it do?

Answer 48

1936 Invested heavily in ersatz (substitute materials) to persue Hitler's dream of autarky (self-sufficiency) Increased prduction of fuels by 130% but this only equated to 18% of demand.

Question 49

Marshall Aid When was Marshall Aid announced and by who?

Answer 49

5th June 1947 - George Marhsall

Question 50

Marshall Aid When was the Truman doctrine and how did it further US/FDG relations?

Answer 50

12th June 1947 - The USA would provide military and economic aid to protect the 'free peoples' from communism.

Question 51

Marshall Aid How much aid did Germany recieve during the 1940s and 50s? How did they spend it?

Answer 51

$2.7 billion Adenauer and Erhard invested it in industry

Question 52

Marshall Aid How much of West German Imports did the Marshall plan pay for?

Answer 52

37%

Question 53

EEC and CAP When did the European Coal and Steel Community (ESCS) form and what did it do?

Answer 53

April 1951 Combined heavy industrial sectors of 6 European economies to pool resources between countries and prevent potential war.

Question 54

EEC and CAP When was the European Economic Community (EEC) formed and what did it do?

Answer 54

25th March 1955 Created a common market between the 6 nations and abolished tarriffs between member states.

Question 55

EEC and CAP By 1981, what % of German exports went to EEC members and what % of imports came from EEC members?

Answer 55

45% of exports 47% of imports

Question 56

EEC and CAP When did the EEC introduce Common Agricultural Policy? What did it do? What was its impact?

Answer 56

1962 Tried to reduce agricultural competition between nations to improve stability of member states. EEC food prices during the 1970s could be 2-5x higher than other European nations and CAP ammounted to the 50% of the total EEC budget!