Weimar Republic - B2

Question 1

WW1

When was the planned German Spring Offensive? What disrupted this?

Answer 1

March 1918
Deliberations from Russia disrupted planning - Over 1 million men were still in Ukraine and not on the Western Front.

Question 2

WW1

What offensive had no clear goal which meant that the initial 60km advance slowed down?

Answer 2

The Michael offensive in March 1918

Question 3

WW1
What strikes spread to Germany? Who was blamed for this?

Answer 3

The Bolshevik strikes in Vienna in Jan 1918
Prussia

Question 4

WW1
When did Hindenberg and Luddendorf tell the Kaiser that the war was lost? What did they suggest?

Answer 4

29th Sep 1918
A revolution from above?

Question 5

WW1

When were there mass army desetions?

Answer 5

October 1918

Question 6

WW1

When did Socialists under Eisner sieze power in Munich? What did Hitler refer to the Reichstag as because of this?

Answer 6

November 7 1918

“November Criminals”

Question 7

WW1

What was the Kreuznach Programme? Who agreed to this and why?

Answer 7

It set out what H + L wanted to achieve when war ended. Called for the annexation of the Baltic regions, all of Poland, the French coal and iron fields.

Bethmann was forced to agree due to the strength of the military.

Question 8

WW1

When was the Zimmerman telegram discovered by Britain? What did it say?

Answer 8

Jan 1917

Germany asking Mexico for support if the USA got involved?

Question 9

WW1

What was the consequence of the plan for unrestricted submarine warfare?

Answer 9

The USA joined the war (as Bethmann predicted) when the USA Lustiania was sunk with 1198 passengers on board in 1915.

Question 10

WW1

What was the July crisis? When?

Answer 10

July 1917

Russia experienced a democratic revolution that inspired Germany.

Question 11

WW1

What did the Kaiser announce he would do once the war ended? Who blocked this?

Answer 11

In the July crisis, he announced that he would abolish the Prussian 3 class. Bethmann wanted to go further but Luddendorf blocked this.

Question 12

WW1

Who resigned following the July crisis? Who replaced them?

Answer 12

Bethmann resigned. Michaelis replaced him.

Question 13

WW1

Who was sacked during the July crisis?

Answer 13

Foreign Secretary von Kuniman by Luddendorf because he wanted an alliance with Russia.

Question 14

WW1

When was the Siegfriede? What was it?

Answer 14

1917

The gains that Germany wanted to become a global power - supported by Pan German League. They wanted power in Africa, areas of France and the annexation of East Russia.

Question 15

WW1

How many workers striked in 1917?

Answer 15

1.5 million workers

Question 16

WW1

What was Erzberger’s peace resolution?

Answer 16

He called for a peace without the victory of the Kreuznach programme.

Question 17

WW1

When was the peace resolution passed? By how many votes?

Answer 17

19th July 1917

87 votes

Question 18

WW1

What group did Luddendorf form who opposed the peace? How many members in 1918? Why did they fail?

Answer 18

Vaterlandsparti

1 million members

Due to the breakdown of the silent dictatorship?

Question 19

WW1

When did Luddendorf resign?

Answer 19

Oct 1918

Question 20

WW1

When was the armistice signed?

Answer 20

Nov 1918

Question 21

Political consequences of the war

When was the Burgfriede and what was it? When did it last until?

Answer 21

1914 - an alliane between all the parties that allowed all necesary loans to finance the war.

Lasted til the 1916 loss at Verdun

Question 22

Political consequences of the war

When was the Silent Dictatorship formed? What was it?

Answer 22

August 1916
H+L became leader of the Supreme Command and threatened to resign until Bethmann gave in to what they wanted.

Question 23

Political consequences of the war

When was the Auxillary Service Law passed? What was it?

Answer 23

Dec 1916

Conscription for over 16’s.

Question 24

Economic consequences of the war

What was the KRA?

Answer 24

Created by Rathenau - created artificial nitrates to prevent a munitions crisis. It prolonged the war which made German’s unhappy.

Question 25

Economic consequences of the war How was the cost of the war covered?

Answer 25

Creation of war bonds and printing money - only 16% covered by taxes.

Question 26

Economic consequences of the war What economic state did Germany never achieve?

Answer 26

Total War - the mobalisation of the entire nation towards the war effort.

Question 27

How many dead from the War?

Answer 27

1.8 million (16% of those conscripted)

Question 28

When was Turnip Winter?

Answer 28

1916

Question 29

In 1915, what % of pigs were killed to save on grain?

Answer 29

35%

Question 30

How many civillians died from starvation during the war?

Answer 30

750,000

Question 31

How much did infant mortality increase by?

Answer 31

Over 50%

Question 32

When did average prices in Germany double between? How much did wages rise by during the same time?

Answer 32

1914-18 50-75%

Question 33

By april 1917, how many workers were striking due to rationing?

Answer 33

200,000

Question 34

When did the Spanish Flu hit Germany? How many people killed in Europe?

Answer 34

1918 Between 20 and 40 million

Question 35

When did Hasse and how many other SPD members vote against the emergency budget and leave the party?

Answer 35

March 1917 18 members

Question 36

When did the USPD form? Who were they led by?

Answer 36

April 1917 Leibnecht and Luxembourg

Question 37

Why were the USPD face with criticism?

Answer 37

Used as a scapegoat for failure (This was actually because of the US joining)

Question 38

When was the treaty of versaille?

Answer 38

June 1919

Question 39

What does T in TRAWL stand for?

Answer 39

Territory - Germany lost thr Polish Corridor and the Rhineland was demiliterised. The Saar Coalfields were given to the League of Nations for 15 years.

Question 40

What does R in TRAWL stand for?

Answer 40

Reperations - 232 million marks in gold and raw materials.

Question 41

How did the USA help with reperations?

Answer 41

The 1924 Dawes Plan and the 1929 Young Plan reduced reperations by 132 million marks.

Question 42

What does A in TRAWL stand for?

Answer 42

Army - Limited to 100,000 soldiers, 6 tanks, 0 U-Boats and 15,000 seamen.

Question 43

How did Germany get around the Army reperations?

Answer 43

1922 Treaty of Rapello and 1926 Treaty of Berlin - secret agreements with the USSR to train 900,000 soldiers in the Russian Army

Question 44

What does W in TRAWL stand for?

Answer 44

War guilt - Clause 231 stated that Germany had to accept guilt for starting the war.

Question 45

What does L in TRAWL stand for?

Answer 45

League of Nations - could not join until 1926

Question 46

When was Ebert elected to the Reichstag? When did he become leader of the SPD?

Answer 46

1912 August 1913

Question 47

When did Ebert give permission for an SPD leaflet that was disparaging about Liebnecht and Luxembourg?

Answer 47

28th Dec 1918

Question 48

When was Ebert elected as new German Chancellor?

Answer 48

Feb 1919

Question 49

When did Scheidermann proclaim a republic in Germany?

Answer 49

9th Nov 1918

Question 50

When was Luxembourg arrested for engaging in an anti war protest?

Answer 50

19th Feb 1915

Question 51

What day were Generals suggested a new governement and to sign an Armistice?

Answer 51

29th September 1918

Question 52

When did the Kaiser flee to the Belgium town of Spa to escape abdication?

Answer 52

29th Oct 1918

Question 53

When was a new gov led by Prince Max established?

Answer 53

3rd October 1918

Question 54

What did prince Max do? (4 reforms)

Answer 54

- Wrote to President Wilson asking for a formal end to the War. - Abolished 3 class franchise - Gave the reichstag power over the military - Made the Chancellor accountable to the Reichstag.

Question 55

When was the Kiel Mutiny? How did it start? On the 4th Novemeber how many sailors mutinied?

Answer 55

28th October 1918 Two ships crews refushed to attack approaching British ships. Over 100,000

Question 56

When had workers, soldiers and sailors councils been set up in all major cities and ports?

Answer 56

18th Nov 1918

Question 57

When did Bavaria declare themselves an Independent repubic?

Answer 57

7th Novemeber 1918

Question 58

When was the General Strike in Berlin? How many sailors killed following a military revolt?

Answer 58

9th Novemebr 1918 15 killed

Question 59

When was an armistice signed for the rev from below?

Answer 59

11th Nov 1918

Question 60

When was Ebert given control? What did he do?

Answer 60

1PM on the 9th of November. Formed an Interim Gov.

Question 61

What was Ebert's Interim Gov?

Answer 61

The Council of Peoples Commisars - SPD and USPD had 3 seats each.

Question 62

When was the Ebert-Groener Pact passed? What was it?

Answer 62

10th Nov 1918 Confirmed mutual support between the Army and the government to prevent any more attempts as rev.

Question 63

When was the Stinnes-Liegen Agreement? What was it?

Answer 63

15th November In return for the full legal recognitions of unions and the 8h working day, unions agreed to not interfere with free trade agreements.

Question 64

When was the Sailor's division ordered to leave it's quarteres? Who were they mainly comprised of?

Answer 64

23rd Dec 1918 USPD

Question 65

After how many hours of fighting did the Sailor's division agree to leave? What did this cause within the USPD?

Answer 65

24th december 2 hours USPD split into spartikists and SPD

Question 66

When was Kurt Eisner's Bavarian uprising? What happened?

Answer 66

7th Nov 1918 - Eisner successfully organised an overthrow of the Bavarian governement and declared Bavaria a socialist republic. He was introducing reforms when he was shot on 21st Feb 1919 by Anton Grat Arco

Question 67

When did the KPD start an uprising in Berlin?

Answer 67

Jan 5 1919

Question 68

When did the Freikorps storm Berlin? Who led them?

Answer 68

Jan 10 1919 General von Luttwitz

Question 69

By when had most of the spartikist revolt been crushed? Where did Ebert withdraw the Gov to to allow the Freikorps to secure Berlin?

Answer 69

Jan 15 1919 Weimar

Question 70

When did the KPD attempt to organise worker strikes? What was the result of this?

Answer 70

Feb 1919 The Freikorps were called into Halle and by the end, over 1000 people were dead.

Question 71

What election did Ebert think he would gain a majority on? Hhow much did he get?

Answer 71

19th Jan 1919 38% of the Vote

Question 72

During the 14 years of the Weimar republic, how many seperate coalitions were there?

Answer 72

20

Question 73

In the new constitution, what was the role of the President?

Answer 73

Elected every 7 years. Had power to select Chancellor and disolve Reichstag. Held Military power.

Question 74

In the new constitution, what was the role of the Reichstag?

Answer 74

Men and women over 20 could vote. Proportional representation used. Elections every 4 years.

Question 75

In the new constitution, what was the role of the Electorate?

Answer 75

Divided into constituencies. Every 60,000 votes was 1 seat. If a party gained 30,000 votes across the entire country they got 1 seat.

Question 76

In the new constitution, what was the role of the Chancellor and Gov?

Answer 76

Proposed new laws. The cancellor was from the party with the most votes.

Question 77

In the new constitution, what was the role of the Reichsrat?

Answer 77

17 states represented by 67 members - could be overpowered by the Reichstag.

Question 78

In the new constitution, what was the role of Article 48?

Answer 78

Gave the president emergency powers to rule using Martial Law without the permission of the Reichstag.

Question 79

What was in the Bill of Rights?

Answer 79

Unemployment benefits, sick pay, freedom of speech, religion, trade unions.

Question 80

What article of the constitution allowed the Judiciary to remain independent?

Answer 80

Article 54

Question 81

What was the Law for Protection of the Republic? When was it? Where was it ignored?

Answer 81

Shifted power against the extremist parties in the wake of Rathenaus murder. July 1922 Bavaria

Question 82

In October 1922, who was given 11 years for violationg press laws? In comparison, how many years was Hitler given with what charge following the 1923 Munich Putsch?

Answer 82

Fechenbach 5 years and charged with High Treason (typically punishable by death)

Question 83

When was the first time the army supported Weimar?

Answer 83

1920 Kapp Putsch - still failed and the Freikorps had to be used.

Question 84

What was a failure of the Army regarding the Munich Putsch?

Answer 84

Nov 9th 1923 - General Von Seekt didn't wish to stop the far right rioters, so the Bavarian police had to step in instead.