Fall of the Wall - B5 Flashcards
(45 cards)
What was Ostpolitik?
Brandt’s eastern policiy following his appointment as chancellor in 1969.
What and when was The Basic Treaty?
In 1972, improved relations resulted in the treaty that legally recognised the two states and began economic cooperation and ended the Hallstein Doctrine.
When did Honecker visit the west for the first time?
1987
When did Gorbachev become leader of the USSR? What policies did he introduce?
1985
Glasnost and Perestroika - Openness and Restructuring
What reforms did Gorbachev introduce?
Reduced the size of the USSR army within europe.
Introduced political reforms - he wanted people to like communism so they actually wanted to be communist.
How many Soviet troops remained in their barracks in the 1989 revolution because Gorbachev didn’t deploy them?
1.5 million
How much money did the GDR borrow from the west in the early 80s?
DM 1.5 billion
How much money did the GDR spend on making THE microchip?
DM 1billion
1989
When did Hungary remove the fences around its border with Austria?
2nd May
1989
When did Hungary stop stamping the passports of GDR citizens crossing the border?
9th August
1989
In August, how many GDR citizens cross to Hungary from Austria?
500
1989
When did Austria accept 20,000 GDR refugees?
1st September
1989
When did the Leipzig protests begin? How many protesting? What for?
4th September
Peak 120,000 people protest in Oct
Because of the glasnost policy (made people dislike the GDR) and the opressive regime of the Stasi.
1989
When was Honecker sacked and replaced with Krenz?
18th October
1989
In November, how many people are protesting in the GDR?
750,000
1989
When did the wall fall? Why?
9th November
Shabowski declared that the wall would fall “immediately” on the news - he was not meant to say that.
1989
When did Kohl introduce his 10 point plan?
28th November
What was Kohl’s 10 point plan?
Laid down a clear roadmap to unification within 5-10 years.
What were 3 things the 10 point plan promised?
- Cooperation between the FRG and GDR
- Humanitarian aid
- Unification as long as the GDR could establish fully free representative democracy.
Who was the first Chancellor in 30 years to suggest reunification?
Kohl
Who was informed about the 10 point plan?
Conversations occurred between Modrow and Kohl
British response to reunification?
Thatcher expressed concerns about the economic consequences for other European countries. Raised doubts about the peacefulness of a united Germany.
USA response to reunification?
Supportive but aware of the risks of aggrivating Cold War. Brokered the agreement between Germany, GB and France
USSR response to reunification
Had to accept that communism was a failure so not happy.
