Economic Changes

Question 1

what were the Nazis mainly trying to improve/change

Answer 1

• reducing unemployment

- improving life for German citizens

Question 2

who were new jobs Nazis created for

Answer 2

mostly men

Question 3

what were unemployed men employed to do

Answer 3

work on public construction projects

Question 4

examples of public construction projects for unemployed men

Answer 4

• public buildings
• creating farmlands
• 1936 Olympic stadium
• 7,000lm autobahns

Question 5

what was an autobahn

Answer 5

motorways

Question 6

what was RAD

Answer 6

National Labour Service

Question 7

what did RAD do

Answer 7

made it compulsory for men18-25 to work on public schemes for 6 months

Question 8

why did many people dislike RAD

Answer 8

they felt exploited because they got low wages for long hours

Question 9

what was DAF

Answer 9

German Labour Front

Question 10

who had to join DAF

Answer 10

all workers

Question 11

what did DAF do

Answer 11

• kept workers loyal to Nazis

- disguised lack of improvement to the standard of living

Question 12

what was the Strength Through Joy Scheme

Answer 12

workers got rewards for hard work, such as a holiday or theatre visit

Question 13

what was the Beauty of Labour scheme

Answer 13

a plan to improve working conditions

Question 14

how did employment change under Hitler’s policies

Answer 14

fell from 5 million in 1933 to 0.3 million in 1939

Question 15

who did Hitler not include in unemployment stats

Answer 15

• women forced out of jobs
• Jewws
• men conscripted into National Labour Service
  ‘invisible unemployment’

Question 16

when was the Four Year Plan created?

Answer 16

1936 by Hermann Goering

Question 17

what was the Four Year Plan for

Answer 17

to prepare Germany for war

Question 18

two main aims of the Four Year Plan

Answer 18

1) Rearmament

2) self-sufficiency

Question 19

rearmament

Answer 19

building up the supply of military weapons

Question 20

self-sufficiency

Answer 20

not needing external support, such as imports

Question 21

why did Hitler plan to begin rearmament

Answer 21

he wanted to overturn the Treaty of Versailles and make Germany strong again

Question 22

what was the plan for rearmament

Answer 22

to build up armed forces to be fully equipped with weapons and vechiles

Question 23

who did rearmament benefit

Answer 23

big manufacturing businesses

Question 24

what was rearmament responsible for

Answer 24

most economic 1933-1939

Question 25

what was self sufficiency also known as

Answer 25

autarky

Question 26

why was autarky less successful

Answer 26

Goering didn't want Germany to accept imports so Nazis tried to control the number of imported goods but this increased as people became wealthier

Question 27

what were subsides

Answer 27

money from the state

Question 28

how were farmers included on the 'path to self sufficiency'

Answer 28

to increase food production they were given subsides and labour from RAD

Question 29

how much food were Germany importing by the end of WW? what did this show

Answer 29

- 20% | - showed the path to self sufficiency wasn't going well

Question 30

what did scientists create to increase raw materials

Answer 30

ersatz substitutes

Question 31

where ersatz subs successul?

Answer 31

no, by ww2 germany imported 1/3 raw materials

Question 32

how many germans worked in war industry by ww2

Answer 32

1/4, this increased to 3/4 by 1941

Question 33

when did food/clothe rationing begin?

Answer 33

1939, before war even began

Question 34

who benefited from Nazi economic policy

Answer 34

- german businesses | - farmers

Question 35

how did large businesses benefit from Nazi economic policy

Answer 35

got investments and opportunities during rearmament

Question 36

why could businesses exploit workers

Answer 36

Nazis had banned Trade Unions

Question 37

what did the average weekly wage increase by

Answer 37

by 25% from 1932-1939

Question 38

what did work creation schemes improve

Answer 38

- transport - services - homes

Question 39

why did some farmers get higher income

Answer 39

increased food prices and subsides

Question 40

why did workers not feel the increase in wages

Answer 40

food cost increased

Question 41

what happened to working hours from 1936

Answer 41

they increased

Question 42

what would happen to a worker if they complained of working conditions

Answer 42

they'd be blacklisted and struggle to find employment

Question 43

what did the Four Year plan lead to

Answer 43

food shortages

Question 44

what did world war two have a huge impact on

Answer 44

German economy from 1939-42

Question 45

when was rationing set up

Answer 45

1939, before war has even started

Question 46

when did shortages become more noticeable? why was this

Answer 46

after 1941 when the army was struggling in the Soviet Union

Question 47

what did German armies do as they conquered new countries

Answer 47

sent loot back to Germany

Question 48

what did collecting loot lead to

Answer 48

using the black market for luxury goods

Question 49

what was the black market

Answer 49

a way of illegal trade

Question 50

how many clothes did German people send to soldiers

Answer 50

- 1.5 million fur coats | - 67 million woolen garments

Question 51

when was Albert Speer made armaments minister

Answer 51

1942

Question 52

what was happening by 1941

Answer 52

- the Four Year Plan failure was clear | - army was suffering w lack of weapons/equipment

Question 53

when was 'Total War' happening by

Answer 53

by 1943

Question 54

what was total war

Answer 54

- all businesses were dedicated to war effort, or they were shut down - workers were transferred to war work

Question 55

what were shut down as a result of total war

Answer 55

- leisure establishments - services such as the post - but cinemas remained open to show propaganda films for morale

Question 56

when was Operation Barbarossa

Answer 56

March 1942-May 1945

Question 57

what was Operation Barbarossa

Answer 57

Great Britain and US bombed major German cities

Question 58

example of city affected by Operation Barbarossa

Answer 58

Dresden, 70% of it was destroyed

Question 59

what was the aim of Operation Barbarossa

Answer 59

to cause maximum civilian casualties

Question 60

how many civilians were affected bc of Operation Barbarossa

Answer 60

- 500,000 killed | - 750,000 wounded

Question 61

how man homes were affected bc of Operation Barbarossa

Answer 61

- 1 million homes destroyed | - 7 million people left homeless

Question 62

what did the bomb raids of Operation Barbarossa target

Answer 62

targeted supply lines and factories | - this affected war efforts bc it stopped rearmaments reaching the front line

Question 63

what was rationing like after Operation Barbarossa

Answer 63

- from 1942-45 it had to increase - the increase in shortages reduced rationing - clothing rations completely stopped - by 1995 it was completely null - black market was used to survive

Question 64

when did the labour shortage become noticeable

Answer 64

1943

Question 65

who were sent to work in Germany

Answer 65

workers in European occupied countries

Question 66

who were forced to work in concentration camps

Answer 66

prisoners of war

Question 67

age groups of people who had to work by January 1943

Answer 67

- men: 16-65 | - women: 17-45

Question 68

how man women were called to work after Operation Barbarossa

Answer 68

3 million, only 1 million came

Question 69

how did Hitler Youth help with war

Answer 69

they helped with farms and by 1945 they helped on the homefront

Question 70

why did number of refugees increase

Answer 70

- Operation Barbarossa | - many people moved from Dresden or Berlin to other parts of Germany

Question 71

where did many refugees come from in fear of the Red Army?

Answer 71

- Poland | - July 1944

Question 72

what happened when the Russians invaded Germany

Answer 72

- January 1945 | - millions fled to western cities