Impact of WW1

Question 1

why was it difficult for Germany to recover after the war

Answer 1

it had crippled German economy

Question 2

how many troops died at war? how many were wounded?

Answer 2

• 2 million died

- 4 million wounded

Question 3

how many women were left as widows

Answer 3

600,000

Question 4

how many children were left without fathers

Answer 4

2 million

Question 5

how many civilians died? why

Answer 5

763,000 died from starvation and a further 150,000 died from the flu pandemic

Question 6

pandemic

Answer 6

country-wide disease

Question 7

what was industrial production like by 1918

Answer 7

it was 33% lower than what it had been in 1913

Question 8

what had Germany’s debt increased to/from what

Answer 8

increased from 50 billion marks in 1914 to 150 billion in 1981

Question 9

what did Germany do to pay off debt/fund war effort

Answer 9

Germany printed more money to pay off debts/fund the war effort

Question 10

what was the impact of printing more money

Answer 10

• value of the German mark fell

- inflation

Question 11

inflation

Answer 11

increases in prices

Question 12

what was the average wage of a worker like in 1918

Answer 12

60% of what they would’ve earned in 1913

Question 13

who made lots of money from war

Answer 13

big armament (military weapons) business owners

Question 14

why did workers resent business owners?

Answer 14

they made a lot of money bc of war

Question 15

main reason for Kaiser’s abdication

Answer 15

Germany’s defeat

Question 16

who told Kaiser Wilhelm II that Germany wouldn’t win the war

Answer 16

• Field Marshal Hindenburg

- General Ludenorff

Question 17

what did Hidenburg ad Ludenorff suggest for a favourable peace settlement w the Allied Powers

Answer 17

a democratic government

Question 18

when was the Democratic Government created

Answer 18

3rd October 1918

Question 19

who did the Kaiser appoint to be chancellor of the Democratic government

Answer 19

a liberal, Prince Max of Baden

Question 20

when did the Kaiser lose the military’s support

Answer 20

around 28th October 1918

Question 21

when was the Kiel Mutiny

Answer 21

3rd November 1918

Question 22

what was the Kiel Mutiny

Answer 22

the sailors refused to follow the Kaiser’s orders, there were riots among sailors and workers

Question 23

who was Kurt Eisner? what did he do?

Answer 23

• communist
• led mass strikes in Munich
• supported uprisings against the Kaiser

Question 24

when did the Kaiser officially abdicate

Answer 24

9th November 1918 when he had lost the support of advisors

Question 25

where did the Kaiser flee to when he was forced to abdicate

Answer 25

Holland, the Netherlands

Question 26

when was the German Republic made, who declared it?

Answer 26

- 10th November 1918 | - Philipp Scheidmann, a member of SPD declared it

Question 27

who was the leader of the German Republic

Answer 27

Freidrich Ebert, originally leader of SPD

Question 28

when was the armistice signed/Ebert accepted defeat

Answer 28

11th November 1918

Question 29

armistice

Answer 29

agreement to stop fighting

Question 30

when was the Treaty of Versailles signed

Answer 30

signed in 1919

Question 31

what was the Treaty of Versailles

Answer 31

terms of peace

Question 32

name of Article 231

Answer 32

'War Guilt Clause'

Question 33

what was in Article 231

Answer 33

Germany accepted blame for the war

Question 34

how much did Germany have to pay in reparations

Answer 34

the Treaty of Versailles said they had to pay £6.6billion to the Allies in annual installments

Question 35

what did Germany lose bc of Treaty of Versailles

Answer 35

- 10% of land | - 12.5% of population

Question 36

what became the military limits

Answer 36

- 100,000 soldiers - 15,000 sailors - 6 ships - 0 ships or sumbarines

Question 37

what happened to the Rhineland bc Treaty of Versailles

Answer 37

it was demilitarised

Question 38

who couldn't Germany join with bc of Treaty of Versailles

Answer 38

join w Austria

Question 39

which territory was removed

Answer 39

Alsace-Lorraine was removed back to France

Question 40

when did the Weimar Republic stop paying reparations

Answer 40

1922

Question 41

what did Frane and Belgium do in 1923? why?

Answer 41

they seized the Ruhr bc of the stopping of paying of reparations

Question 42

importance of the Ruhr

Answer 42

main industrial region in Germany

Question 43

what did France/Belgium do in the Ruhr

Answer 43

took control of all factories/mines/railways in area. this was legal bc of the Treaty of Versailles

Question 44

what did Ebert do in response to the seizure of the Ruhr

Answer 44

told workers to go on strike as a 'passive resistance'. however these workers were easily replaced by French/Belgian workers

Question 45

how many Germans were killed and left homeless by the French/Belgians in the Ruhr

Answer 45

- 132 people killed | - 150,000 left homeless

Question 46

what did Germany begin doing to try and help pay reparations

Answer 46

printing money, which led to hyperinflation. but Germany didn't have enough gold for this

Question 47

problems of printing more money

Answer 47

- value of German mark fell - hyperinflation - pensioners lost money (eg could barely afford coffee) - small business owners went bankrupt - mainly middle class, people w savings lost all money - people w fixed incomes couldn't renegotiate earnings

Question 48

how did the price of bread change from 1918-1923

Answer 48

in 1918 it was 0.6 German marks, in 1923 it was 201 billion German marks

Question 49

how did many people carry their money? why?

Answer 49

many carried it in wheelbarrows bc prices often changed hourly and they wanted to buy goods quickly

Question 50

people who benefited from the printing of more money

Answer 50

- farmers got more money for food | - those who were in debt could quickly pay it off