Economic Development Flashcards
(23 cards)
What was the population of England in the Fifteenth century?
•2.2 million
Where were the majority of people living and what did they rely on?
•The majority lived in the countryside and relied on some form of farming for a living
How large was the population of London ?
•over 50,000
In urban areas like Bristol, York London ect. What were the main industries?
•Wool and cloth
•There were industries like mining tin, lead and coal
Who did parliaments acts that dealt with economic matters mostly intrest?
•Merchants
What kind of economy did Henry VII have?
•An agrarian economy
Why had income from land declined?
•Due to the aftermath of the Black Death
What kind of farming did people move towards in the 1480’s and 1490’s?
•Sheep farming
What did the move towards sheep farming reflect about the economy and trading trends?
•There was a depressed profitability of arable (crop) farming
•Improved profitability of sheep farming brought about by the increasing demand for wool as the population grew and trade overseas developed
What was the most common form of farming?
•Mixed farming
; A system of farming which involves the growing of crops as well as the raising of animals as livestock
What’s pastoral farming?
•Farming involving the rearing of animals- either for animal by products such as milk, eggs or wool, or for meat
•This farming predominated in woodland areas
Why did improved production come at a price for peasants?
•They lost their access to land and common rights and were often left destitute by the process
What percentage of English exports was the cloth trade responsible for?
•90%
When did the cloth trade flourish the most?
•The last quarter of the 15th century
What did jack lander, a famous historian, estaimatr about the increase of cloth exports under Henry VII?
•Estimated an increase of over 60% in the volume of of cloth exports under Henry VII
Who are the merchants of the staple?
•incorporated by royal charter in 1319, they controlled the export of wool
•The staple was based at Calais from 1363
What were the bulk of raw wool exports exported by?
•The merchants of Staple
What did the increase of finished cloth lead to?
•The development of weaving which were usually done as a domestic process
•This offered more opportunities for rural employment to supplement agrarian incomes
Who were the merchant adventurers?
•Founded in 1407
•Trading organisation which came to increasingly dominate London cloth trade with Antwerp
•Their dominanation of the cloth trade matched with the dominance of the wool trade by the merchants of the Staple (Calais) whose economic position they increasingly supplanted
•Henry used their expertise when negotiating trade treaties such as the intercursus magnus and the intercursus Malus my
What other industries were there?
•Tin was mined in Cornwall
•Lead was mined in areas such as the high Pennies
•Coal was mined in Durham and Northumberland
•Iron ore was mined and smelted in the Weald of Sussex and Kent where there was a blast furnace as early as 1496
Where was much of the coal in the northeast shipped from and to?
•Shipped from Newcastle to meet the growing demand for domestic and industrial fuel in London
Where else was coal shipped to? (Outside engalnd)
•There was a small expert trade to Germany and the Netherlands
How would you describe the browns approach got dreads during Henry VII’s reign?
•Inconsistent, he was clearly intrested in maximizing custom revenue however it was also clear that he was quite prepared to sacrifice revenue and trade in the interests of securing the dynasty
