Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Tudour History- Henry VII > Englands Foreign Relations (1485-1509) > Flashcards

Englands Foreign Relations (1485-1509) Flashcards

(80 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What were Henry’s foreign policy aims?

A

•simple, he wanted to maintain good relations and defense
•Had no intention of restarting the Hundred years War with France

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What did he want his foreign policy to ensure

A

•national securiy, recognition of the Tudor dynasty, defense of English training interests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What was Henry’s first major foreign policy involvement?

A

•Brittany, a fiedom of the French Crown which enjoyed their independence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What did France do in 1487?

A

•Invaded Brittany

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why did Frances advancement on Brittany in 1487 alarm Henry?

A

•He had a sense of obligation to the Bretons as they housed him when he fleed from England
•He had a fear that direct French control over Brittany could increase a potential French threat to England

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How did Henry respond to the news that France invaded Brittany in 1487?

A

•He summoned Parliament to grant him extraordinary revenue to raise an army against the French

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why were France eager to invade Brittany?

A

•They were eager to use the opportunity afforded by the death of Francis and the lack of male heirs to claim Brittany and strip it of its independence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What did England and Brittany agree to in February 1489?

A

•The Treaty of Redon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What were the terms of the treaty of redon (1489)?

A

•The Duchess Anne would pay for a small English army to defend Brittany from the French threat
•At the same time Henry tried to strengthen his position by an alliance with Maximilian, the holy Roman emperor-elect
•As a widower, Maximilian contracted a marriage-by-proxy with Anne and therefore had no desire to allow the Duchy of Brittany to fall into French hands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Did the English army respond to France’s invasion?

A

•The English army went to Brittany but Anne, fearing the futility of prolonged resistance to the French, surrendered and reluctantly married Charles VIII
•Maximilian list interest in the matter which left Henry in a difficult situation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How was Henry’s embarrassment in the invasion of France worsened?

A

•Gave Perkin Warbeck more leverage when seeking French help for his claim to the English Throne

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How did Henry recover from the French invasion debacle?

A

•He launched an invasion of France in 1492, rather late in the campaigning season, and the French quickly sought a peace settlement
•Although it seemed very random, Henry actually used information form his Agents that told him that Charles VIII was much more interested in launching an invasion of Italy and so would quickly seek a peace settlement with Henry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what was signed in November 1492?

A

•Treaty of Estaples

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What were the terms of the treaty of Estaples ?

A

•Charles VIII agreed to withdraw his support for Perkin Warbeck and to pay a pension to Henry to compensate him for the expense of having recruited an army invasion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Was Henrys strategy in the treaty of Estaples successful?

A

•Henry’s strategy had proved successful and he managed to to defend national and dynastic interests
•He also improved his financial position and ensured a period of relative cordiality in Anglo-French relations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where did the bulk of Englands exports go through?

A

•Ports in the Netherlands such as Antwerp and Bruges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Who has jurisdiction if the ports in the Netherlands? And what does this mean for England?

A

•Burgundy
•It’s important for commercial reasons to have good relations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What complicated good relations with Burgandy?

A

•The presence of Margret, Widowed Duchess of Burgundy
•She was in ownership of her late husbands estate
•She was the sister of Edward IV and Richard III, and the leading upholder of the Yorkist cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Whose powerful support had Margret of Burgundy enlisted?

A

•Her stepson-in-law, Maximilian

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Who was Maximilian?

A

•Holy Roman Emperor in 1493

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

After he was made Emperor in 1493, who did he pass jurisdiction in the Netherlands to the following year?

A

•His 16 year old son, Philip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Why did relationship between England and Burgandy deteriorate?

A

•It was the result of the hospitality which Maximilian and Philip offered Perkin Warbeck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

In response to Burgundy’s actions to help Perkin Warbeck what did Henry do?

A

•He placed an embargo on English trade with Burgundy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
When did relations improve to an extent?
•After Warbeck left Burgandy
26
After Warbeck left Burgandy what were Henry and Phillip able to agree to?
•The Intercursus Magnus in 1496
27
What did the Intercursus Magnus bring to an end?
•The trade embargo
28
Who died in 1504?
Isabella, Queen of Castile
29
What treaty was signed in 1506 between England and Burgandy?
•Treaty of Winsdor
30
What new trade agreement came from the Treaty of Windsor?
•The intercursus Malus
31
What was the Intercursus Malus?
•Trade agreement from 1506
32
What kind of approach did Henry take in the Treaty of the Intercursus Malus?
•Henry showed the same forceful approach •He demanded a trade deal which would have given a much stronger trading position to English merchants in the Netherlands
33
Was the Intercursus Malus of 1506 put into practice?
•No
34
Who did Phillip and Maximilian agree to hand over after the treaty of Windsor?
•The Earl of Suffolk, a Yorkist fugitive
35
Overall through the Intercursus Magnus and treaty of Windsor were English relations improved?
•Henry appears to have improved both Englands trading position and also the security the dynasty
36
Who ruled Spain in Henry VII’s reign?
•Ferdinand and his wife Isabella of Aragon
37
Why did Henry want to have good relations with Spain?
•They were a powerful state
38
What treaty did England and Spain sign in 1489?
•The treaty of Medina del Campo
39
Why was The Treaty of Medina del Campo important for Henry?
•It gave him some of the international peace and security which he aspired to have
40
What were the terms of the Treaty of Medina del Campo?
•the two monarchies offered eachother mutual protection in the event of an attack •They agreed not to to harbor rebels or pretenders •Treaty arranged a marriage alliance between Arthur, Prince of Wales and Catherine, princess of Aragon the daughter on the Spanish monarchs
41
What were the problems with the implementation of the Treaty of del Campo?
•Arrangements for the Royal marriage did not go smoothly •Ferdinand proved reluctant to allow the marriage to go ahead as long as Henry’s dynastic stability remained threatened by Warbeck •The two monarchs argued over the size of Catherine’s dowry
42
When were the details of the marriage between Arthur and Catherine finally agreed?
•1499
43
When did the marriage take place between Arthur and Catherine?
•1501
44
What happened in 1502 which complicated Henry’s relations with Ferdinand?
•Arthur died
45
What did Henry immediately suggest Catherine should do after Arthur’s death?
•Marry his second son, Prince Henry •However Ferdinand was reluctant
46
Why was Ferdinand reluctant to arrange a 2nd marriage with Henrys second son, Henry VIII?
•Ferdinand had little need for an English alliance and the proposed marriage would require a papal dispensation- permission from the Popr in order to be exempted from the laws of the church in special circumstances •The papal dispensation came at a price he was not willing to pay
47
When and why did Henry loose enthusiasm for the marriage alliance between Catherine and Henry VIII?
•In 1504, he lost interest when the death of Isabella made Ferdinand a less significant political figure
48
Following the death of Isabella what took place in Spain?
•A power struggle between Ferdinand and Juana (Catherine of Aragons sister)
49
Who did Henry choose to support in Spain’s power struggle?
•Jusna and her husband, Phillip of Burgandy
50
Where were Juana and Phillip forced you to take refuge?
•England in 1506 •Henry took advantage of the situation which is seen through the Treaty of Windsor •Henry recognised them as rulers of Castile
51
What happened soon after Juana and Phillips arrival in Spain?
•Phillip died, driving Juana into a grief which drove her mad
52
What did Phillips death and Juana’s mental state give Ferdinand?
•It gave him the opportunity to once more become the regent of Castile
53
How did Ferdinand become the regent of Castile again affect Henry?
•This left Henry diplomatically isolated as once again he had been diplomatically outsmarted by a major European monarch
54
In retaliation to Henry’s actions in supporting Phillip and Juana what did Ferdinand ensure?
•That the marriage between Henry VIII and Catherine did not happen in Henry VII lifetime
55
How were relations with Scotland and England?
•They were tense •Scotland was the only country with which England shared a border and where cross border lawlessness became a way of life •Scotland often worked closely with France in the Alud alliance made in 1295 - which was explicitly anti-English
56
When did a turning point occur between Scotland and England?
•1495
57
Why did problems arise in 1495 between Scotland and England?
•Problems arose when King James IV came of age and in 1495 offered hospitality to Perkin Warbeck
58
How long did Warbeck stay on the Scottish courts?
•Warbeck stayed for two years at the Scottish court
59
While staying in the Scottish courts what did Warbeck receive?
•A pension from the king and an aristocratic marriage to the kings cousin Lady Catherine Gordon
60
What did King James IV encourage Warbeck to do?
•To cross the border in 1496 with an army
61
How did Warbecks attempted invasion with the support of King James IV go?
•The army was small, stayed for a short time •Received no support from the people of Northumberland and quickly retreated back over the border when word was received that an English force was making its way north from Newcastle
62
How did Herny respond to Warbeck and Scotland’s attempted invasion? And what were the repercussions of his response?
•It led Henry to raise a larger army to launch an invasion of Scotland •It prompted a taxation rebellion the following year
63
What rebellion occurred in 1497?
•The Cornish rebellion
64
What was the Cornish rebellion?
•A large scale rebellion in Cornwall which shook Henry
65
From 1498 why did Scottish relations move significantly?
•After the Cornish rebellion both England and Scotland secured an immediate truss which took place at ayton - a few miles north from the English border
66
What disproved Scottish relations lead James to do?
•The improvement meant that James had no diplomatic use for Warbeck who had become tiresome and so he was released •Warbeck was then executed in 1499
67
What was agreed in 1501 between king James and Henry?
•That James should marry Henry’s daughter m, Princess Margret
68
What was king James and Princess Margret’s marriage sanctioned by 1502?
•Sanctioned by a formal treaty •Married in 1503
69
What was the treaty between England and Scotland in 1502 called?
•The treaty of perpetual peace
70
How long did the improvement between Anglo-Scottish relations last? Was Henry successful?
•Lasted until the end of Henry’s reign •It is clear that in terms of Anglo-Scottish relations, Henry was successful in ensuring his foreign political aim; securing the dynasty
71
How far did Henry VII’s power in Ireland extend?
•As far as the “Pale” •An area of land which surrounded Dublin
72
Who was a dominant figure in Ireland during Henry VII’s reign?
•Gerald Fitzgerald, The 8th Earl of Kildare •Had been lord Deputy of Ireland since 1477 •He was known as the “uncrowned king of Ireland” •Was the leading member of the Irish nobility
73
Why did Henry fear Earl of Kildare?
•He had Yorkist sympathies
74
Who did the Earl of Kildare support?
•Lambert Simnel and Perkin Warbeck
75
How did Henry respond to Kildare’s actions?
•Instead of relating on the established Irish aristocracy, who were cheap but unreliable, he attempted the more cost key approach of rule of the ‘pale through an English man, backed by armed forces •He appointed his infant son Prince Henry as Lieutenant and Ireland and appointed Sir Edward Poynings as his Deputy
76
Was poynings initially successful in established royal authority in Ireland?
•Yes initially, he used threat of force and bribery to establish authority •He reinforced this success by requiring the Irish parliament to pass “Poynings’ law” in 1495, which laid down that the Irish parliament could pass no law without the prior approval of the English crown •Attempted to implement English law in Ireland
77
What was issue with Poynings strategy to establish authority in Ireland?
•It proved too expensive •The financial problems were made work when Warbeck returned fo Ireland in 1495 and amassed a force which besieged the town of Waterford
78
After the return of Warbeck to Ireland in 1495 what was Henry forced to do?
•Henry was short on money because of the threat of invasion from the Scots •He was forced to recall Poynings and once again had to depend on the cheap option of using Kildare as his deputy
79
What did Kildare decide in 1496?
•That there was no benefit in supporting the Yorkist cause any longer and decided to serve Henry loyally
80
In Ireland by 1500 what had Henry achieved?
•Secured some level of peaceable and cheap authority over Ireland •But relied on the Kildare a lot who was able to use Henry’s office to rebuild his family’s fortune

Tudour History- Henry VII (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions