Economy, Society And Religion Flashcards
(34 cards)
What is enclosure?
Where a farmer fences off his land so peasants can’t use it
How much did exports increase by the end of Henry’s reign after raw wool was being manufactured?
60%
Who were the merchants of the staple?
English based company based in Calais since 1363
What did the merchant adventurers do?
-Dominated Londons cloth trade w europe
-they used their position to voice concerns to the monarch and Henry could use their advice when negotiating trade
What was the hanseatic league?
-the countries which controlled trade in the Baltic Sea
-dominated commercial activity in Northern Europe
What new industries were being formed in England ?
-Newcastle-coal
-Kent-iron
-Cornwall-tin
What were the navigation acts?
No English merchants were to use foreign ships to transport goods- to save money
What was the treaty of etaples?- friendship treaty
improving business links to reflect new friendship between England and France
What was the trade embargo with the Netherlands?
England Wouldn’t trade goods because of burgandys support of yorkists (warbeck and earl of Suffolk)
What was the intercursus magnus with the Netherlands?
-re established positive trading links
-meant English merchants could trade with any Burgundian lands other than fladers
What was the intercursus malus with the Netherlands?
Meant English merchants didn’t have to pay tax on goods
What did John Cabot do?
-He founded Newfoundland and called it a fishing land
-first Englishman to lead an expedition to the new world
What did Sebastian Cabot do?
-received sponsorship from Henry
-led an unsuccessful attempt to to find the ‘north west passage’ to Asia in 1508
-Henry stopped as it was expensive
Role of nobles?
How many were there?
How were they controlled?
-relied upon to keep law and order
-around 50/60 of them
-controlled through bonds and recognisances
What did the gentry do?
-held local power and had considerable income and property
What were some church members who were not of a low status allowed to do?
-some were entitled to sit in the House of Lords eg, archbishops, priests
What were the different types of commoner?
-educated people
-shopkeepers and tradesmen
-people who had had no land and were
working for others
Who were vagrants/beggars??
People who homeless and looking for jobs
What caused the Yorkshire rebellion 1489?
-resentment over taxation demanded for his wars w France
-rebels unhappy with Henry’s reigimes
What happened during the Yorkshire rebellion 1489?
(Inc money stats)
-Henry needed £100k to pay for supporting Brittany in its independence against France
- tax increased but only 27k out of 100k was raised
-york had a poor harvest so couldn’t afford
-5,000 rebelled
-Henry traveled north and issued pardons to those involved
-Henry faced no more problems
Why did Henry not listen to earl of Northumberland after he raised the case about the yorkist upset due to taxes?
-he thought if he didn’t assert authority early in his reign he would be taken advantage of as being weak monarch
What were the causes of Cornish rebellion 1497?
-Triggered by Henry’s demand for taxes to finance war w Scotland
-Cornish people didn’t want to pay money for something that didn’t benefit them
What happened during the Cornish rebellion?
-2 men led rebellion
-Reached outskirts of London with 15,000 men
-Henry’s men were in Scotland but then recalled them to fight the rebels in the battlenof Blackheath
-1000 rebels were killed- no problem defeating them
-leaders put to death
-greatly threatened Henry
3 Key factors which emphasise the danger of the Cornish rebellion?
-was 15000’people involved
-attempt to exploit weakness made by warbeck
-rebels were very close to London- could travel long distances without challenge which shows Henry’s weakness in law and order
