Ecotoxicology Flashcards
(10 cards)
What is the mode by which a chemical enters the lithosphere?
a. evaporation.
b. adsorption.
c. dissolution.
d. absorption.
e. diffusion.
B
The bioavailability of contaminants in the hydrosphere is directly related to:
a. chemical concentration.
b. amount of chemical.
c. water solubility of chemical.
d. toxicity of chemical.
e. molecular size of chemical
C
All of the following regarding biomarkers are true EXCEPT:
a. Dermal absorption is considered an external dose.
b. Biomarkers of susceptibility are useful in extrapolating wildlife diseases to human
diseases.
c. Induction of certain enzymes is an important biomarker.
d. The biologically effective dose is the amount of internal dose needed to elicit a certain
response.
e. The effects of chemical exposure can be different across species
A
Which of the following processes is LEAST likely to be affected by endocrine-disrupting
agents?
a. enzyme activity.
b. transcription.
c. hormone secretion.
d. signal transduction.
e. DNA replication.
E
Estrogen exposure has been shown to cause all of the following in wildlife species
EXCEPT:
a. sexual imprinting.
b. altered sex hormone levels.
c. immune suppression.
d. gonadal malformations.
e. sex reversal
C
Which of the following is FALSE regarding terrestrial ecotoxicology?
a. Terrestrial organisms are generally exposed to contaminants via ingestion.
b. Predation is an important confounder of measurements in terrestrial toxicology field
studies.
c. Reproductive tests are not important in measuring endpoints in toxicity tests.
d. Enclosure studies are better able to control for environmental factors in field studies.
e. Toxicity tests usually test the effects of an oral chemical dose
C
An important type(s) of compound that is far more toxic in water than in air is/are:
a. organic compounds.
b. photochemicals.
c. vapors.
d. lipid-soluble xenobiotics.
e. metals.
E
Which of the following are used to record endpoint toxicity of aquatic toxicity tests?
a. LD50 and ED50.
b. LC50 and EC50.
c. reproductive tests.
d. LD50 and LC50.
e. LD50 and EC50
B
Biological availability is:
a. the total amount of chemical within an organism.
b. the concentration of chemical in an environmental reservoir.
c. the threshold concentration of a chemical needed for toxic effect.
d. the concentration of chemical within an organism.
e. the proportion of chemical potentially available for uptake.
E
Chemodynamics does NOT study:
a. the fate of chemicals in the environment.
b. the rate at which chemicals are metabolized.
c. the distribution of chemicals in the environment.
d. the effects of toxic substances on the environment.
e. the release of chemicals into the environment
D
