ectoderm Flashcards
(16 cards)
What is the process that forms the CNS called?
Neurulation
Neurulation involves shaping and folding the neural plate to form the neural tube.
What role does N-CADHERIN play during neurulation?
Maintains adhesion between neural cells
N-CADHERIN is crucial for the adhesion of neural cells during the formation of the neural tube.
What must neural crest cells do to migrate?
Lose N-CADHERIN
The loss of N-CADHERIN allows for the migration of neural crest cells.
What does the neural crest differentiate into?
- PNS
- Schwann cells
- Melanocytes
Schwann cells are glial cells that insulate the PNS, while melanocytes are pigment-producing cells.
What structure does the forebrain develop into?
Telencephalon
The telencephalon regulates the development of the diencephalon.
What are the components of the forebrain?
- Cortex
- Basal ganglia
- Thalamus
- Retina
The forebrain is responsible for higher cognitive functions and sensory processing.
What is the role of Hox genes in brain development?
Regulate the forebrain and hindbrain development
Hox genes are crucial for segmenting the developing brain.
What does the midbrain develop into?
Midbrain
The midbrain is involved in various functions including vision and hearing.
What does the hindbrain develop into?
- Cerebellum
- Pons
- Medulla
The hindbrain coordinates motor control and regulates vital functions.
How is the spinal cord organized?
Dorsoventrally
The spinal cord has distinct regions for sensory and motor neuron types.
What types of neurons are found in the dorsal region of the spinal cord?
Sensory neurons
Dorsal neurons are responsible for sensory information processing.
What types of neurons are found in the ventral region of the spinal cord?
Motor neurons
Ventral neurons are responsible for motor control.
What is the function of commissural interneurons?
Bridge both sides of the spinal cord
Commissural interneurons facilitate communication between the left and right sides of the spinal cord.
What are the signaling molecules involved in patterning the spinal cord?
- Shh - secreted by notochord + floor plate
- BMPs - secreted by roof plate + ectoderm
- Retinoic Acid - secreted by adjacent somites
These signaling molecules play a crucial role in the dorsoventral patterning of neuro progenitor cells.
What do groups of sensory-related interneurons form?
Dorsally
Sensory-related interneurons are organized in the dorsal part of the spinal cord.
What do groups of motor-related interneurons form?
Ventrally
Motor-related interneurons are organized in the ventral part of the spinal cord.
