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Parasitology 209 > Ectoparasites of LA > Flashcards

Ectoparasites of LA Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

Which animal is highly sensitive to Blister Beetles, and how is this animal commonly exposed to them?

A

Horses; exposed to Blister Beetles in their hay

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2
Q

What is the name of the potent substance that Blister Beetles use when biting/infesting its host? And how does it work?

A

Cantharidin; it’s a cutaneous vesicant (causes blisters) and potentially organ damage

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3
Q

What are some signs/symptoms of an infestation of Epicauta spp. in equine?

A

painful colic + potentially death

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4
Q

What are the two varieties/families of lice that can infest LA?

A

Mallophagan + Anopluran

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5
Q

What is the name for a lice infestation on LA?

A

Pediculosis

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6
Q

How long is the louse life cycle, and how many stages does it go through?

A

3-4 weeks; 3 stages (nit, nymph, adult)

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7
Q

What is the general morphology for lice?

A

wingless, with 3 main body parts: head, thorax, abdomen.

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8
Q

Bovicola spp. is a species of which type of LA ectoparasite?

A

Mallophagan lice

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9
Q

What is the difference between Mallophagan vs. Anopluran lice?

A
  • Mallophagan = biting/chewing lice
  • Anopluran = sucking lice
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10
Q

Which type of LA ectoparasite encompasses these 3 species? And which animals are their usual host?

  • H. eurysternus
  • Linognathus vituli
  • Solenopotes capillatus
A

Anopluran lice; cattle

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11
Q

Hematopinus spp. is a sucking louse, known for its LARGE size. What are some of the signs/symptoms seen in an animal that is infested?

A

pruritus + anemia

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12
Q

Tabanus spp. (aka _______) are very large, and have scissor-like mouthparts. However, the females of the species are the only ones partaking in blood meals.

A

Horse flies

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13
Q

Which species of LA ectoparasite causes “Sweet Itch” in horses, and how does this typically present?

A
  • No-see-ums (Culicoides spp.)
  • presents with hives due to saliva hypersensitivity
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14
Q

What are the two forms of larval invasion that flies participate in?

A
  • myiasis
  • body fluid feeding
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15
Q

Which LA ectoparasites are vectors for Anthrax, Anaplasmosis, and EIA?

A
  • Culicoides spp. (no-see-ums)
  • Tabanus spp. (horseflies)
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16
Q

In regard to diseases that can be spread by flies, what does “EIA” stand for?

A

Equine Infectious Anemia

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17
Q

No-see-ums are the intermediate hosts for Onchocerca cervicalis, which are commonly known as what?

A

equine threadworms

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18
Q

Which 3 species of flies have both males & females feeding on blood?

A
  • Stable flies (Stomoxys calcitrans)
  • Horn flies (Haematobia irritans)
  • Sheep keds (Melophagus ovinus)
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19
Q

What is the difference between how Stable flies feed vs. how Horn flies feed?

A
  • Stable flies feed/attack the VENTRAL portion of the host’s body
  • Horn flies feed/attack the DORSAL portion of the host’s body
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20
Q

Stable flies are the intermediate host for Habronema spp. and Stephanofilaria spp. These are both considered which type of endoparasite?

A

Roundworms (nematodes)

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21
Q

What is unique about the reproduction/growth of Sheep keds?

A

They do NOT lay eggs, they give “live birth” to a single larva that pupates very rapidly.

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22
Q

“Melophagus ovinus” refers to which ectoparasite?

23
Q

Sheep keds can be devastating to sheep. What are the main issues that they cause?

Study These Flashcards
A

anemia + wool damage

24
Q

M. domestica, M. autumnalis, Sarcophaga spp., and blowflies participate in ______ myiasis. Which means what?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • facultative myiasis
  • larva are free-living until they adapt to become parasitic on/around dead tissues
25
What is "Fly Strike?"
when flies lay eggs/larva that develop and eat the dead tissues in wounds/lesions/etc.
26
Which 4 species of flies participate in obligatory myiasis on LA?
- Screw worms (Cochliomyia homnivorax) - Heel flies/Ox Warbles (Hypoderma spp.) - Bot flies (Gasterophilus spp.) - Nasal Bot flies (Oestrus ovis)
27
What does "obligatory myiasis" mean?
when fly larva are entirely dependent on a living host for their development/survival.
28
T/F? In all 4 species of flies that participate in obligatory myiasis, the adult flies are as parasitic as the larval stages.
False! The adult flies are NON-parasitic.
29
T/F? In all 4 species of flies that participate in obligatory myiasis, the larva pupate & mature to adulthood within their host.
False! They fall out of their breathing pores or are passed in feces before they pupate & become adult flies.
30
How should you remove Bots from a large animal's skin?
- do NOT pop/squeeze! - make hole bigger first, then use forceps/etc to remove entirety of larva from pore. - make sure no remnants left behind to avoid infection/sepsis.
31
What are the signs of an infestation of Heel flies/Ox Warbles on a cow?
- annoyed, erratic behavior (called "gadding") - eggs/larva seen on leg hairs
32
Gasterophilus spp. likely gets its name from how it parasitizes horses. Can you briefly describe their life cycle?
- adult fly lays eggs on horse's leg hairs - horse licks eggs off legs - larva hatch & penetrate through oral mucosa - larva migrate to gastric cardia & stay for 10-12 months - larva pass in feces & pupate - mature to adults in feces
33
How do sheep typically acquire Nasal Bot flies, and what are the usual signs?
- they sniff the infested ground & larva enter nostrils - signs: nasal discharge & sneezing
34
The mites we see in LA are typically non-burrowing, meaning you can find them where on an animal?
Superficially, or on the surface of their skin.
35
What are some signs of a mite infestation on large animals?
severe pruritus, self excoriation, alopecia, skin damage
36
Psoroptidae is species specific. What are the three species names we cover, and which animals do they infest?
- Psoroptes ovis (sheep) - Psoroptes bovis (cows) - Psoroptes equi (horses)
37
What is the difference between Psoroptes vs. Chorioptes in reference to large animals?
- Psoroptes is commonly found in thick hair/wool on the back, shoulders, and tails of LA - Chorioptes is commonly found on the distal limbs, feet, and fetlocks of LA
38
What is the common name for the pathologic condition caused by mites?
Mange
39
T/F? Chorioptidae is strictly species specific, meaning there is no crossover between hosts.
False! They are considered species specific, but are actually found on many large animals.
40
How can you diagnose Chorioptes spp. in LA?
Fecal floatation (you can see all stages of mites)
41
What are the two families of ticks we see in large animals?
Argasidae (soft body) and Ixodidae (hard body)
42
What are the 3 main points we focus on in regard to the pathology of ticks?
- they are voracious blood feeders - they are vectors for disease (bacterial, viral, Rickettsial, protozoal) - they have toxic saliva (Tick Paralysis)
43
What are all the stages in a tick's life cycle?
- egg - larva "seed ticks" (6 legs) - nymph (8 legs) - adult
44
When/how does a female tick lay eggs?
When she engorges in blood, eggs are laid.
45
Otobius megnini are commonly called _______, and are considered ____ body ticks, belonging to the family _______.
- Spinose Ear Ticks - soft body ticks - family Argasidae
46
How do you diagnose Otobius megnini in large animals?
by otoscopic evaluation of the ears
47
Amblyomma americanum is commonly called the ________, and is a member of the family _____. It can be a vector for _______.
- Lone Star Tick - Ixodidae - RMSF
48
Amblyomma maculatum is commonly called the _______, and is commonly associated with ________ due to the toxicity of its ______.
- Gulf Coast Tick - Tick Paralysis - saliva
49
Rhipicephalus annulatus is commonly called the ______, and it can be reported to the CDC because it is a vector for ________.
- Texas Cattle Fever Tick - Babesia annulatus
50
What is unique about the hosts of Gulf Coast ticks in comparison to Lone Star ticks and Texas Cattle Fever ticks?
They mainly parasitize ground birds (pheasants, grouse, etc) as larva & nymphs, instead of small mammals (rodents, etc)
51
Culicoides spp. can feed on horses with a hypersensitivity to their _____, causing hives and "_________."
- saliva - "Sweet Itch"
52
Horn flies lay their eggs in _______, while Stable flies lay their eggs in _______.
- fresh manure - decaying organic material
53
What is the general morphology of Melophagus ovinus?
brown, hairy, wingless flies

Parasitology 209 (6 decks)

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