Zoonotic Importance Flashcards
(26 cards)
What is the definition of “zoonotic” according to the CDC or WHO?
- CDC: infections + infestations which are shared in nature by man and lower vertebrate animals
- WHO: diseases + infections naturally transmitted between vertebrate animals and man
What are the 3 zoonotic nematodes we should know?
- Toxocara spp. (canis + cati)
- Hookworms (Anclyostoma spp. + Uncinaria stenocephala)
- Trichinella spiralis
How is Toxocara spp. transmitted?
ingesting eggs from dog/cat poop + contaminated soil, handling young puppies/kittens
What is happening to the body when a patient has Toxocariasis?
Toxocara larva are migrating through the body tissues, causing visceral larval migrans or ocular larval migrans.
How do you prevent the spread of Toxocara canis/cati?
clean up after pets, get pets tested, client education
Anclyostoma spp. and Uncinaria stenocephala are both commonly called ________, and can be found in ________.
Hookworms; moist sandy soil
How do hookworms cause disease?
Larva penetrate unprotected skin and migrate through cutaneous layers
What is it called when hookworms leave red migration tracts & cause severe pruritus?
“Creeping Eruption”
How can you prevent the spread of Anclyostoma spp. and Uncinaria stenocephala?
clean up after pets, get pets tested, & avoid walking barefoot on moist sandy soil.
“Trichinosis” refers to what?
infection of Trichinella spiralis
How could you become infected with Trichinella spiralis?
eating undercooked pork/wild game
How can you protect yourself from becoming infected with Trichinella spiralis?
- cook meat to 160-170º F
- freeze meat at 5º F for 20 days
- gamma irradiation
What are the 2 species of Taenia that we should look out for, and what do we commonly call them?
- Taenia saginata (Measly Beef)
- Taenia solium (Measly Pork)
How do you typically contract Taenia spp.?
by ingesting infected meat
How can you prevent the spread of Taenia spp.?
meat inspections, freezing meat, proper cooking
Humans are the ____ host of Taenia spp. The usual symptoms are _______.
- definitive host
- upset stomach, GI pain, passing proglottids in stool
“Hydatid disease” is caused by ingesting the eggs of ______, and has a high zoonotic potential. _____ are the definitive hosts, while _____ & _____ are the intermediate hosts.
- Echinococcus spp.
- dogs (def. host)
- sheep & humans (int. hosts)
What are “schistosomes”?
blood flukes
“Swimmer’s Itch” is a disease caused by an infection of ______. You can prevent getting this disease by avoiding ________.
- schistosomes / blood flukes
- water/shoreline with water fowl
What are the 2 most important species of protozoan zoonotic endoparasites?
- Toxoplasma gondii
- Cryptosporidium parvum
What are the two ways/forms a host could have Toxoplasma gondii?
- Congenitally (mother ingested sporulated oocysts while pregnant)
- Acquired (ingests bradyzoites + sporulated oocysts from infected meat)
What are the hosts for Toxoplasma gondii?
- def. host = cats
- int. hosts = mice, humans
How can you prevent the spread of Toxoplasma gondii?
proper hygiene, avoiding cat litter boxes while pregnant
How do you become infected with Cryptosporidium parvum?
ingesting oocysts from water contaminated with calf/cattle feces
