;ecture 1 Flashcards
(21 cards)
endocrine signalling - how do hormones work in the body
how is endocrine signalling arranged
the hierarchal arrangment means that amplification down the chain means there is amplification of the signal through the body
what hormones do we care about?
proteins are operating at hypothalamus and pitutiary
we only care about gonadatrophic and small peptide
GnRH = Gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone
water soluble and can travel through blood
lipid hormones are like steroids, they are hydrophobic so they are lipid soluble. When travleling in the blood they need to be bound to carrier proteins that them to move
three main classes of steroid hormones, what they are produced by and what are their subtypes
Androgen is a class of steroid hormone, it is produced by the testes and there are two classes of androgen. these are testosterone and 5alpha testosterone. The same applies to the rest
what are the steroid binding proteins in the body and how well do they work?
most abundant carrier protein in the blood is albumin, its relatively high capacity low affinity binding protein. Can take a lot of protein up but doesn’t really bind strongly.
the 2nd nad 3rd are high affinity and low capacity
low level fo hormone that is not bound, is known as free steroid
describe mechanism of steroid action
there is an equilibrium between free steroid bound and serum binding protein. when we free steroid hormoens able to diffuse in the lipid bilayer, it binds to intercellular receptors in the cytoplasm, then these intercellular receptors with the hormone bound will move into the nucleus and bind to the hormone response relemonts on the DNA and have impacts on that cell.
cell surface receptors vs intracellular receptors?
protein hormones = long because they are more stable when bound with carrier protein
andogens?
5aDHT
where else can androgens be produced
properties of androgens?
oestrogens
main role is in the development and maintanence of female characteristics and fertility
oestradiol is hte most potent form
serum levels of oestradiol?
estrogen bulds up endometrial layer
properties of oestrogens
what is the orle of cervical mucus and fertility
there is a window of fertility
progestagens?
this graph seems good, serum levels of prostegans
principal properities of progestagens
hypothalamus?
anterior pituitary vs posterior pituitary?
