Eczema

Question 1

What is eczema also known as?

Answer 1

Dermatitis

Question 2

What is the most common form of eczema?

Answer 2

Atopic eczema

Question 3

Who is eczema more common in?

Answer 3

Children but can also develop (1st time) in adults

Question 4

What is the classical appearance of atopic eczema?

Answer 4

Itchy
Dry
Cracked
Sore
Red

Question 5

Where does atopic eczema often affect?

Answer 5

Hands, inside elbows, backs of knees, face, and scalp

Question 6

What other conditions are often associated with eczema?

Answer 6

Hayfever
Asthma
Food allergies

Question 7

How many UK children are affected by eczema at some point?

Answer 7

1 in 5

Question 8

Is there a familial link in atopic eczema?

Answer 8

Yes

Question 9

M:F?

Answer 9

1:1

Question 10

What is a discoid pattern of atopic eczema?

Answer 10

Coin sized area of inflammation on the limbs

Question 11

What is a follicular pattern of atopic eczema?

Answer 11

Numerous small bumps that coincide with hair follicles

Question 12

What tests are done to diagnose eczema?

Answer 12

None, it is done clinically. The skin may need to be swabbed however if infection is suspected

Question 13

What can cause an atopic eczema flare-up?

Answer 13

Environmental
State of wellness
Dryness of skin
Teething in babies
Stress
Food allergens

Question 14

What environmental factors can cause a flare up of atopic eczema?

Answer 14

Heat
Dust
Wool
Pets
Soaps
Detergents
Chemicals

Question 15

Can atopic eczema be cured?

Answer 15

No

Question 16

Which jobs may atopic eczema be an issue in?

Answer 16

Catering
Hairdressing
Cleaning
Healthcare work

Question 17

What can help prevent atopic eczema?

Answer 17

Regular use of medical moisturisers

Question 18

Is there evidence to support exclusive breast feeding as a preventative measure in susceptible infants?

Answer 18

No although it is still advocated

Question 19

What can be used to treat frequent flare ups of eczema?

Answer 19

Topical steroids

Calcineurin inhibitors

Question 20

Where should weaker topical steroids be used?

Answer 20

Face
Breast
Genitals
Eyelids
Armpits

Question 21

What can be used to help with sleep disturbance?

Answer 21

Antihistamines

Question 22

Who is phototherapy recommended for?

Answer 22

Adults (not usually children)

Question 23

What agents can be used in severe eczema to act on the immune system?

Answer 23

Oral Steroids
Azathioprine
Ciclosporin
Methotrexate
Mycophenolate mofetil

Question 24

What is categorised as clear skin?

Answer 24

If there is normal skin and no evidence of active eczema

Question 25

What is categorised as mild eczema?

Answer 25

Areas of dry skin, and infrequent eczema (+- small areas of redness)

Question 26

What is categorised as moderate eczema?

Answer 26

Areas of dry skin, frequent itching, redness (+- excoriation and localised skin thickening)

Question 27

What is categorised as severe eczema?

Answer 27

Widespread areas of dry skin, constant itching, and redness (+- excoriation, skin thickening, bleeding, oozing, cracking, pigmentation)

Question 28

What does infected eczema look like?

Answer 28

Weeping, crusted, pustules present, fever, malaise.

Question 29

What is contact dermatitis?

Answer 29

Dermatitis triggered by contact with a particular substance

Question 30

How quickly does a contact dermatitis reaction occur?

Answer 30

Within a few hours of days of exposure

Question 31

Which parts of the body are most commonly affected by contact dermatitis?

Answer 31

Hands and face

Question 32

What additional treatment is suggested to pts with contact dermatitis?

Answer 32

Avoid the allergen/irritant

Question 33

M:F in contact dermatitis?

Answer 33

1:2

Question 34

What is perioral dermatitis?

Answer 34

Red, bumpy rash that appears around the mouth

Question 35

What is noticable about the pattern of rash formed in perioral dermatitis?

Answer 35

There is skin sparing around the top lip

Question 36

What is dermatitis herpetiformis?

Answer 36

A chronic blistering skin condition associated with coeliac disease

Question 37

What is seborrhoeic dermatitis?

Answer 37

A chronic skin condition with red, scaly, greasy, itchy, and inflammed areas of skin

Question 38

Where is affected in seborrhoeic dermatitis?

Answer 38

Areas rish in sebaceous glands such as the face, scalp, and chest

Question 39

What is dandruff?

Answer 39

A milder form or seborrhoeic dermatitis

Question 40

What is seborrhoeic dermatitis called in babies?

Answer 40

Cradle cap

Question 41

What are the risk factors for seborrhoeic dermatitis?

Answer 41

``` Stress Winter Poor immune function PD Epilepsy Down Syndrome ```

Question 42

What are the 4 treatment options for seborrhoeic dermatitis?

Answer 42

Anti-fungal cream Anti-inflammatory agents Coal tar Phototherapy

Question 43

What pattern of eczema is usually seen on infants?

Answer 43

Facial and limb extensor surface eczema

Question 44

What pattern of eczema is usually seen in children and adults?

Answer 44

Flexural eczema

Question 45

What signs of eczema might a person have on the skin appendages?

Answer 45

Nail pitting and ridging

Question 46

What common complications can occur due to eczema?

Answer 46

Secondary bacterial or viral infection

Question 47

How does eczema that has a secondary bacterial infection appear?

Answer 47

As crusted weeping lesions

Question 48

What viruses can cause a secondary infection of eczema?

Answer 48

Molluscum contagiosum HPV HSV (eczema herpeticum)

Question 49

How does a secondary molluscum infection of eczema appear?

Answer 49

Pearly papules with central umbilication