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N&SS - Dermatology > Eczema > Flashcards

Eczema Flashcards

1
Q

What is eczema also known as?

A

Dermatitis

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2
Q

What is the most common form of eczema?

A

Atopic eczema

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3
Q

Who is eczema more common in?

A

Children but can also develop (1st time) in adults

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4
Q

What is the classical appearance of atopic eczema?

A 
Itchy
Dry
Cracked
Sore
Red
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5
Q

Where does atopic eczema often affect?

A

Hands, inside elbows, backs of knees, face, and scalp

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6
Q

What other conditions are often associated with eczema?

A

Hayfever
Asthma
Food allergies

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7
Q

How many UK children are affected by eczema at some point?

A

1 in 5

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8
Q

Is there a familial link in atopic eczema?

A

Yes

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9
Q

M:F?

A

1:1

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10
Q

What is a discoid pattern of atopic eczema?

A

Coin sized area of inflammation on the limbs

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11
Q

What is a follicular pattern of atopic eczema?

A

Numerous small bumps that coincide with hair follicles

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12
Q

What tests are done to diagnose eczema?

A

None, it is done clinically. The skin may need to be swabbed however if infection is suspected

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13
Q

What can cause an atopic eczema flare-up?

A 
Environmental
State of wellness
Dryness of skin
Teething in babies
Stress
Food allergens
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14
Q

What environmental factors can cause a flare up of atopic eczema?

A 
Heat
Dust
Wool
Pets
Soaps
Detergents
Chemicals
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15
Q

Can atopic eczema be cured?

A

No

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16
Q

Which jobs may atopic eczema be an issue in?

A

Catering
Hairdressing
Cleaning
Healthcare work

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17
Q

What can help prevent atopic eczema?

A

Regular use of medical moisturisers

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18
Q

Is there evidence to support exclusive breast feeding as a preventative measure in susceptible infants?

A

No although it is still advocated

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19
Q

What can be used to treat frequent flare ups of eczema?

A

Topical steroids

Calcineurin inhibitors

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20
Q

Where should weaker topical steroids be used?

A 
Face
Breast
Genitals
Eyelids
Armpits
21
Q

What can be used to help with sleep disturbance?

A

Antihistamines

22
Q

Who is phototherapy recommended for?

A

Adults (not usually children)

23
Q

What agents can be used in severe eczema to act on the immune system?

A 
Oral Steroids
Azathioprine
Ciclosporin
Methotrexate
Mycophenolate mofetil
24
Q

What is categorised as clear skin?

A

If there is normal skin and no evidence of active eczema

25
Q

What is categorised as mild eczema?

A

Areas of dry skin, and infrequent eczema (+- small areas of redness)

26
Q

What is categorised as moderate eczema?

A

Areas of dry skin, frequent itching, redness (+- excoriation and localised skin thickening)

27
Q

What is categorised as severe eczema?

A

Widespread areas of dry skin, constant itching, and redness (+- excoriation, skin thickening, bleeding, oozing, cracking, pigmentation)

28
Q

What does infected eczema look like?

A

Weeping, crusted, pustules present, fever, malaise.

29
Q

What is contact dermatitis?

A

Dermatitis triggered by contact with a particular substance

30
Q

How quickly does a contact dermatitis reaction occur?

A

Within a few hours of days of exposure

31
Q

Which parts of the body are most commonly affected by contact dermatitis?

A

Hands and face

32
Q

What additional treatment is suggested to pts with contact dermatitis?

A

Avoid the allergen/irritant

33
Q

M:F in contact dermatitis?

A

1:2

34
Q

What is perioral dermatitis?

A

Red, bumpy rash that appears around the mouth

35
Q

What is noticable about the pattern of rash formed in perioral dermatitis?

A

There is skin sparing around the top lip

36
Q

What is dermatitis herpetiformis?

A

A chronic blistering skin condition associated with coeliac disease

37
Q

What is seborrhoeic dermatitis?

A

A chronic skin condition with red, scaly, greasy, itchy, and inflammed areas of skin

38
Q

Where is affected in seborrhoeic dermatitis?

A

Areas rish in sebaceous glands such as the face, scalp, and chest

39
Q

What is dandruff?

A

A milder form or seborrhoeic dermatitis

40
Q

What is seborrhoeic dermatitis called in babies?

A

Cradle cap

41
Q

What are the risk factors for seborrhoeic dermatitis?

A 
Stress
Winter
Poor immune function
PD
Epilepsy
Down Syndrome
42
Q

What are the 4 treatment options for seborrhoeic dermatitis?

A

Anti-fungal cream
Anti-inflammatory agents
Coal tar
Phototherapy

43
Q

What pattern of eczema is usually seen on infants?

A

Facial and limb extensor surface eczema

44
Q

What pattern of eczema is usually seen in children and adults?

A

Flexural eczema

45
Q

What signs of eczema might a person have on the skin appendages?

A

Nail pitting and ridging

46
Q

What common complications can occur due to eczema?

A

Secondary bacterial or viral infection

47
Q

How does eczema that has a secondary bacterial infection appear?

A

As crusted weeping lesions

48
Q

What viruses can cause a secondary infection of eczema?

A

Molluscum contagiosum
HPV
HSV (eczema herpeticum)

49
Q

How does a secondary molluscum infection of eczema appear?

A

Pearly papules with central umbilication

N&SS - Dermatology (9 decks)

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