EDA Flashcards
(149 cards)
1
Q
collection of raw facts from which conclusions may be drawn
A
Data
2
Q
Who creates data?
A
◦ Individuals
◦ Businesses
3
Q
CATEGORIES OF DATA
A
- STRUCTURED
- UNSTRUCTURED
4
Q
STRUCTURED
A
- Data Bases
- Spread Sheets
5
Q
UNSTRUCTURED
A
- Forms
- Images
- Audio
- Movies
6
Q
What do individuals/businesses do with the data they collect?
A
They turn it into “information”
7
Q
” ____ is the intelligence and knowledge derived from data”
A
Information
8
Q
___ analyze raw data in order to identify meaningful trends
A
Businesses
9
Q
Value of Information to a Business
A
- Creating a competitive advantage
- Identifying new business opportunities
- Identifying patterns that lead to changes in existing business
- New services
- Targeted marketing campaigns
10
Q
___ used depends on the type of data and its creation/usage rate.
A
Type of storage
11
Q
Storage
* Data created by individuals/businesses must be ____
A
stored for further processing.
12
Q
Storage Examples:
* __ : Digital camera, Cell phone, DVDs, Hard disk
A
Individuals
13
Q
Storage Examples:
* __ : Hard disk, External disk arrays, Tape library
A
Businesses
14
Q
Storage Model: An Evolution
A
Centralized & Decentralized
15
Q
Mainframe computers
A
Centralized
16
Q
- __ : __ (Data spread across many servers)
A
Decentralized: Client-server model
17
Q
- __ : __ (Huge repositories)
A
Centralized: Storage networking
18
Q
for order entry
A
Application
19
Q
to store customer and product information
A
Database Management System (DBMS)
20
Q
on which the application and database programs are run
A
Server/Operating System (OS)
21
Q
database is stored on physical disks in the ___
A
Storage Array
22
Q
The Core Elements
A
- Applications
- Databases – Database Management System (DBMS) and the physical and logical storage of data
- Servers/Operating systems
- Networks (LAN and SAN)
- Storage arrays
23
Q
- A customer order is entered via the _ on a client
A
Application User Interface
24
Q
- The client accesses the server over a _
A
Local Area Network
25
* A __ uses the operating system on the server to read and write this data to the physical location on a disk
DBMS
26
A dedicated __ provides the communication link between the server and the storage array, and transports the read/write commands and data between the server and the storage array
Storage Area Network
27
A ___ receives the read/write commands and data from the server and performs the necessary operations to store the data on the physical disks
storage array
28
KEY REQUIREMENTS FOR DATA CENTER ELEMENTS
* Data Integrity
* Availability
* Security
* Performance
* Scalability
* Capacity
* MIDDLE ILAGAY: MANAGEABILITY
29
Challenges in Managing Information
* Exploding digital universe
* Increasing dependency on information
* Changing value of information
30
Multifold increase of information growth
* Exploding digital universe
31
The strategic use of information plays
* Increasing dependency on information
32
Information that is valuable today may become less important tomorrow.
* Changing value of information
33
Some Constraints to Meeting the
Requirements
* Cost
* Physical environment
* Maintenance and support
* Compliance – regulatory and legal
* Hardware and software infrastructure
* Interoperability and compatibility
34
- Applications runs on __
Host
35
__ can range from simple
laptops to complex server clusters
Hosts
36
PHYSICAL COMPONENTS of host:
- CPU
- Storage
- I/O device
37
Disk device and internal memory
Storage
38
I/O device
* Host to host communications (H2H)
* Host to storage device
communications (H2SD)
39
* Host to host communications (H2H)
Network Interface Card (NIC)
40
* Host to storage device
communications (H2SD)
* Host Bus Adapter (HBA)
41
I/O Devices
* Human interface
* Computer-computer interface
* Computer-peripheral interface
42
* Human interface
* Keyboard
* Mouse
* Monitor
43
* Computer-computer interface
* Network Interface Card (NIC)
44
* Computer-peripheral interface
* USB (Universal Serial Bus) port
* Host Bus Adapter (HBA)
45
Logical Components of the Host
* Application
* Operating system
46
* Interface between user and the host
Application
47
* Three-tiered architecture
Application
48
* Three-tiered architecture
* Application UI, computing logic and underlying databases
49
* Application data access can be classifies as:
* Block-level access
* File-level access
50
Data stored and retrieved in blocks, specifying the LBA
* Block-level access
51
Data stored and retrieved by specifying the name and path of files
* File-level access
52
Controls the environment
Operating system
53
Resides between the applications and the hardware
Operating system
54
It is a systematic grouping of units according to their common characteristics.
Classification of data
55
Classification of data
Functions:
● Simplifies and makes data more comprehensible
● Condense the data
● Brings out the points of similarity and dissimilarity
● Comparison of characteristics
● Brings out the cause and effect relationship.
● Prepare the data for tabulation
56
On the basis of nature of Variable
● Quantitative data
● Qualitative data
● Discrete data
● Continuous data
● Chronological or temporal data
● Geographical or spatial data
57
On the basis of Source of Collection
● Primary data
● Secondary data
58
On the basis of Presentation
● Grouped data
● Ungrouped data
59
On the basis on content
● Simple Classification
● Manifold Classification
60
Classification of data according to __ characteristics such as age, weight, height, marks etc.
Quantitative data
quantitative
61
Classification of data according to __ characteristics such as sex, honesty, intelligence, literacy, colour, religion, marital status etc.
Qualitative data
62
Classification of data which takes exact numerical values (whole numbers)
Discrete data
63
Eg: No of Children in a family, shoe size
Discrete data
64
Classification of data which takes numerical values within a certain range
Continuous data
65
Eg: Weight of girl baby of one month is given as 3.8kg, but exact weight could be between 3.2 and 5.4
Continuous data
66
When data are classified or arranged by their time of occurrence, such as years, months, weeks, days etc.
Chronological or temporal data
67
Eg: Time series data
Chronological or temporal data
68
When data are classified by __ regions or location, like states, provinces, cities, countries etc.
Geographical or spatial data
geographical
69
data which is directly collected by the researcher/investigator
Primary data
70
Primary Quantitative Data:
* Questionnaires
* Structured Interviews
71
Primary Qualitative Data:
* Participant Observation
* Unstructured Interviews
72
data which is not directly collected by the researcher/investigator .
Secondary data
73
Secondary Quantitative Data:
* Official statistics
74
Secondary Qualitative Data:
* Letters, articles, newspapers
75
data which is presented in group
Eg: Age: 20-25 (12 persons),25-30 (8 persons)
Grouped data
76
data which is presented individually
Ungrouped data
77
Eg: Age: 28 years, 27 years, 23 years, 25 years, 26 years
Ungrouped data
78
Classification of data with one characteristics
Simple Classification
79
Classification of data with more than one characteristics
Manifold Classification
80
Incorporate computers to help manage data and achieve business objectives
Information System
81
Combinations of hardware, software, and telecommunications networks that people build and use to collect, create, and distribute useful data, typically in organizational settings
Information System
82
Interrelated components working together to collect, process, store, and disseminate information to support decision making, coordination, control, analysis, and visualization in an organization
Information System
83
is a raw fact and can take the form of a number or statement such as a date or a measurement.
Data
84
is data that have been processed so that they are meaningful.
Information
85
Components of Information System
hardware
software
networks
people
data
86
* Collection of related files
Database
87
* A computed-based database offers the advantage of powerful search facilities which can be used to locate and
retrieved information many times faster than by manual methods.
Database
88
enables a user to locate, sort, update or extract records from the database.
Query
89
can be used to locate and display any records meeting a set of specified conditions.
Selection Query
90
There are two types of query called
selection queries and update queries
91
can be used to modify records in a variety of ways such as according to a set of conditions specified by the user.
Update Query
92
Combination of devices connected to each other through communication links to provide the channels for information to flow continuously between people.
Networks
93
Helps business to connect with its customer, suppliers and collaborators.
Networks
94
Basic Network Components
(Component of Computer Networking)
1. Internet
2. Router
3. Switch
4. Printer
5. Server
95
Benefits of Information System
* New Products and Services
* Information Storage
* Simplified Decision Making
* Behavioral Change
96
What IS can do for business?
* Store and analyze information:
* Assist with making decisions:
* Assist with business processes:
97
Sophisticated and comprehensive
databases, sometimes cloud-based, are used to store and analyze information pertaining to business functions, customers, transaction data, and both employee and customer activity.
Store and analyze information
98
Information systems can compare in- __ to external sources to, for example, compare internal insights to information about the general state of the economy or competitors’ financial reports. Decision-makers use these insights review the adequacy and quality of their strategic decisions.
Assist with making decisions
house analyses
99
Information systems are used to
_ for business functions. Business processes can be simplified, and unnecessary activities can be streamlined using information systems adapted to common business tasks, such as manufacturing, supply chain, and employee processes.
* Assist with business processes
develop value-added systems
100
Why are information systems key for pandemic response?
They **provide essential evidence for taking action, making the most informed decisions possible, and adjusting policies to allow for better intelligence** on actions to improve health.
101
Why are information systems key for pandemic response?
With properly disaggregated health data, it is **possible to plan actions that reduce potential health inequities at all levels of care and facilitate the implementation of strategies to address such inequities**.
102
What are the main areas to prioritize?
* Governance of information systems
* Technological infrastructure
* Automation and interoperability of electronic health record
* Data privacy, confidentiality, and security
* Data and information processing
* Knowledge management and sharing
* Innovation
103
**Establish or strengthen mechanisms and processes connected with the effective use of information technology, and with the production, management, and processing of the data needed for response**; infrastructure for Internet access; regulations and standards for the development or adoption of computer applications and databases; a process for capacity building, and the review and updating of legislation.
* Governance of information systems
104
Have secure technological infrastructure that meets the needs. At a minimum, this should allow for: *data capture and analysis platforms*; **real-time dissemination of information; electronic health records; patient Better information systems for health mean better health outcomes and continuity of care, so that all people receive the best possible medical care over time. portals; and the establishment of appropriate communication channels for teleconsultation** (workstations and Internet access with sufficient bandwidth for multimedia services).
* Technological infrastructure
105
**Automate or boost the capacity of the various existing systems communicate with each other; to accurately, effectively, and systematically exchange data**; and to make immediate use of information in an appropriate format.
* Automation and interoperability of electronic health record
106
Strengthen technological infrastructure and regulations to improve data confidentiality, security, and privacy, **prevent unauthorized access to and improper use of patient information, and ensure data integrity and compliance with standards and regulations on data protection.**
* Data privacy, confidentiality, and security
107
**Implement or strengthen the national platform for sharing health information** in order *to promote effective and rapid data collection, prioritization, and mapping, using an automated, systematic process that can be adapted to differing information needs*.
* Data and information processing
108
**Facilitate the participation of the scientific and academic community as well as civil society in real-time data production and analysis** through timely access to accurate information in the appropriate format.
Knowledge management and sharing
109
To the **extent possible, incorporate tools and applications that can improve data access and availability, and real-time analysis and presentation of data**, *using different analytical approaches and developing predictive models that enable better planning, response, and decision-making in health services and systems*
Innovation
110
1. What is the primary reason for converting most data into a digital format?
a) To reduce data processing requirements
b) To lower peripheral costs
c) To slow down storage speed
d) Due to the lack of user demand
a
111
2. Which of these best exemplifies unstructured data?
a) Spreadsheets
b) Databases
c) Images
d) Data tables
c
112
3. What does the term "information" signify in the context of data management?
a) Raw data
b) Conclusions derived from data
c) Digital data format
d) User demand for data
b
113
4. Why is information valuable to a business?
a) To generate raw data
b) To reduce data processing requirements
c) To identify new business prospects
d) To lower customer satisfaction
c
114
5. What kind of access entails specifying the file's name and path when retrieving data?
a) Block-level access
b) File-level access
c) Database-level access
d) Application-level access
b
115
6. Which part of a host computer manages the interface between applications and hardware?
a) CPU
b) Network Interface Card (NIC)
c) Operating System
d) Storage Array
c
116
7. What is the primary function of a Network Interface Card (NIC)?
a) Managing storage arrays
b) Handling input/output operations
c) Connecting the host to the internet
d) Managing the operating system
c
117
8. Which of the following is NOT a crucial requirement for data center components?
a) Availability
b) Data Integrity
c) Hardware Compatibility
d) Scalability
c
118
9. What is one of the challenges discussed regarding information management?
a) Decreasing data growth
b) Reduced reliance on information
c) Consistent information value
d) Compliance and regulatory issues
d
119
10. In a data center infrastructure, what role is typically fulfilled by a Storage Area Network (SAN)?
a) Managing applications
b) Providing connectivity between clients and servers
c) Handling data entry
d) Storing data on physical disks
120
11. What is the primary purpose of a Hard Disk Drive (HDD) in a host computer?
a) Managing network communications
b) Handling data storage
c) Running applications
d) Processing user interface commands
b
121
12. Which component of a host computer handles user input like keyboard and mouse interactions?
a) CPU
b) Network Interface Card (NIC)
c) I/O Device
d) Host Bus Adapter (HBA)
c
122
13. What is the primary role of a Network Interface Card (NIC)?
a) Managing storage arrays
b) Handling input/output operations
c) Connecting the host to the internet
d) Managing the operating system
c
123
14. What type of data access involves specifying the Logical Block Address (LBA) when retrieving data?
a) Block-level access
b) File-level access
c) Database-level access
d) Application-level access
a
124
15. Which component of a host computer manages the interface between user applications and the
hardware?
a) CPU
b) Network Interface Card (NIC)
c) Operating System
d) Storage Array
c
125
16. In a data center infrastructure, what role does a Storage Area Network (SAN) typically play?
a) Managing applications
b) Providing connectivity between clients and servers
c) Handling data entry
d) Storing data on physical disks
126
17. What is the primary purpose of a Hard Disk Drive (HDD) in a host computer?
a) Managing network communications
b) Handling data storage
c) Running applications
d) Processing user interface commands
b
127
18. Which component of a host computer is responsible for handling user input like keyboard and mouse
interactions?
a) CPU
b) Network Interface Card (NIC)
c) I/O Device
d) Host Bus Adapter (HBA)
c
128
19. What is the primary function of a Network Interface Card (NIC)?
a) Managing storage arrays
b) Handling input/output operations
c) Connecting the host to the internet
d) Managing the operating system
c
129
20. Why is proper filing of information essential?
a) To maintain an organized appearance
b) To ensure information safety
c) To maximize storage space
d) To create duplicates
130
21. In what two primary forms can information be stored?
a) Manual and digital
b) Physical and virtual
c) Hard copy and soft copy
d) Printed and handwritten
c
131
22. What characterizes an effective filing system?
a) It occupies a significant amount of space
b) It is situated in a remote location
c) It is challenging to use
d) It can meet future requirements
132
23. How is information electronically stored on a CD-ROM?
a) By writing on it with a pen
b) By burning data onto the disc
c) By using a scanner
d) By photocopying it
b
133
24. What is the storage capacity of a standard DVD (Digital Versatile Disc)?
a) 1.4/2 Mb
b) 650 Mb
c) 17 Gb
d) 1 Tb
134
25. In an information system, what does the "software" component refer to?
a. Physical devices
b. Computer programs and applications
c. People managing the system
d. Data storage methods
b
135
26. Which type of query is used to modify records in a database?
a. Selection Query
b. UPDATE Query
c. Retrieval Query
d. Data Query
b
136
27. What do networks in information management provide channels for?
a. Continuous data flow
b. Storing information
c. Data encryption
d. Data deletion
a
137
28. What is the benefit of having a computer-based database for retrieving information?
a. Slower data retrieval
b. Limited search capabilities
c. Faster data retrieval
d. Manual data retrieval
c
138
29. How do information systems assist with making decisions in a business?
a. By comparing external insights to internal data
b. By automating all decision-making processes
c. By outsourcing decision-making to external sources
d. By ignoring external data
a
139
30. What is the primary goal of data privacy and security in information management?
a. To prevent data collection
b. To ensure data integrity
c. To make data public
d. To comply with data protection standards
140
31. What is the main purpose of knowledge management and sharing in information management?
a. To restrict data access
b. To automate data collection
c. To facilitate real-time data analysis
d. To provide timely access to accurate information
d
141
32. In the context of information systems, what does "data processing" involve?
a. Storing data in physical files
b. Collecting data manually
c. Converting raw data into meaningful information
d. Distributing data to external sources
c
142
33. What is one of the benefits of information systems in business processes?
a. Slowing down business operations
b. Complicating business tasks
c. Simplifying business processes
d. Outsourcing all tasks
c
143
34. What is the primary purpose of governance of information systems in pandemic response?
a. Automating data collection
b. Strengthening data privacy
c. Establishing effective mechanisms for IT use
d. Developing predictive models
144
35. What is the primary goal of technological infrastructure in pandemic response?
a. Preventing data breaches
b. Automating data analysis
c. Providing secure communication channels
d. Meeting essential needs like data capture and analysis
d
145
36. Why are information systems considered essential for pandemic response?
a. To slow down the response process
b. To complicate decision-making
c. To provide evidence for informed decisions
d. To eliminate health data disparities
146
37. What are the main areas to prioritize in pandemic response?
a. Governance of information systems
b. Technological infrastructure
c. Automation and interoperability of electronic health records
d. Data privacy, confidentiality, and security
d
147
38. What is essential for a secure technological infrastructure in pandemic response?
a. Real-time dissemination of information
b. Patient portals
c. Communication channels for teleconsultation
d. All of the above
d
148
39. What does interoperability of electronic health records aim to achieve in pandemic response?
a. Automate data exchange between systems
b. Prevent data breaches
c. Improve data privacy
d. Strengthen regulations
a
149
40. What does data privacy, confidentiality, and security aim to prevent in pandemic response?
a. Data collection
b. Unauthorized access and improper use of patient information
c. Data integrity
d. Compliance with data protection standards
b
