Elective 1: Midterm Flashcards by Niriel Eliang

PURPOSE:
* Allow you to connect with remote devices, perform basic tests, temporary change terminal setting, list system information
PROMPT:
* ___

✧ User EXEC
Switch >

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COMMAND TO ENTER:
* Default mode after booting. Login with password, if configured.

✧ User EXEC

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PURPOSE:
* Allow you to set operating parameters. It also includes high level testing and list commands like show, copy, debug.
PROMPT:
___

✧ Privileged EXEC
* Switch #

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COMMAND TO ENTER:
* Use enable command from user exec mode

✧ Privileged EXEC

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COMMAND TO ENTER:
* Use configure terminal command from privileged exec mode

✧ Global Configuration

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PURPOSE:
* Contain commands those affect the entire system
PROMPT:
* ___

✧ Global Configuration
Switch (config)#

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Default mode after booting

Switch >

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Note: This command allows you to enter into privileged exec mode / enable mode, where you can configure a range of commands.

Switch > enable

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Note: This command allows you to enter into Global Configuration Mode, where you configure a wide range of commands which effect the entire system.

Switch #
Switch # configure terminal

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_ is a special character which is uses before starting and ending of a message.

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Setting a Banner
When someone connects to the Switch , the MOTD ( Message of the Day ) banner appears before the login prompt.

GIFT > enable
GIFT # configure terminal
GIFT ( config ) # banner motd # WELCOME TO GIFT #
GIFT ( config ) # exit
GIFT >

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Changing Hostname

Switch > enable
Switch # configure terminal
Switch (config ) # hostname GIFT
GIFT ( config ) # exit
GIFT #

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Some Basic Switch Commands

?
Enable
Configure Terminal
Tab
Show Version
Show-Mac-Table
Show IP Interfaces Brief
Show Vlan
Show running configuration

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Use to show commands in any mode

COMMAND: __

Switch > ?

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Use to enter into privileged mode

COMMAND: __

Enable

Switch > enable

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Use to enter into Global confi. Mode

COMMAND:
_

Configure Terminal

Switch # Configure Terminal

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Use to complete the command

COMMAND: _

Tab

Switch # confi term

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Use to show the Hardware Information

COMMAND: _

Show Version

Switch # show version

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Use to show the MAC Address Table

COMMAND:
_

Show-Mac-Table

Switch # show mac-address-
table

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Use to show the information about IP interfaces

COMMAND: _

Show IP Interfaces Brief

Switch # show ip interface
brief

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Use to show information about VLANs

COMMAND: _

Show Vlan

Switch # show vlan

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Use to show information about running configuration

COMMAND: _

Show running configuration

Switch # show running-config

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_ is use to save current configuration into NVRAM - Non-volatile

Write Command

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Line Console Password

GIFT > enable
GIFT # configure terminal
GIFT (config) # line console 0
GIFT (config-line) # password TEST123
GIFT (config-line) # login
GIFT (config-line) # exit
GIFT (config ) # exit
GIFT # exit
GIFT > enable

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Note: _ is used for checking enable password.

Password for Privileged Mode

GIFT > enable GIFT # configure terminal GIFT (config) # enable password TEST123 GIFT (config ) # exit GIFT #

Removing Line Console Password

GIFT > enable GIFT # configure terminal GIFT (config) # line console 0 GIFT (config-line) # no login GIFT (config-line) # no password GIFT (config-line) # end GIFT #

Removing Password for Privileged Exec Mode

GIFT > enable GIFT # configure terminal GIFT (config) # no enable password GIFT (config-line) # end GIFT #

_ is the address of device in network. _ allows us to set IP address on interface level. _ is used to manage that particular interface. To _ we have to assign IP address to VLAN1( Default VLAN of switch). Also set default gateway IP address from global configuration mode.

IP address Switch IP address assigned on interface manage entire switch

Basic Steps to Configure a Router

1. Configure hostname 2. Configure passwords * Enable / enable secret * Console (con 0) * Virtual terminal (vty) 3. Configure interfaces 4. Configure routing protocol 5. Configure hostname table

Configuring the Router Hostname

Router#config t Router(config)#hostname Router_A Router_A(config)#exit / end Router_A#

Password Configuration * Passwords are set for:

* privileged EXEC mode * line passwords

* Setting Passwords are set for: * privileged EXEC mode * Enable password

Router(config)#enable password cisco

* Enable secret password

Router(config)#enable secret class

show commands

* show interfaces * show controllers serial * show clock * show hosts * show users * show history * show flash * show version * show ARP * show protocol * show startup-configuration * show running-configuration

* line passwords * console interface

* Router(config)#line console 0 *Router(config-line)#password cisco *Router(config-line)#login

* VTY (virtual terminals)

* Router(config)#line vty 0 4 *Router(config-line)#password cisco *Router(config-line)#login

stats on the router interfaces

show interfaces

hardware info re: serial interfaces

show controllers serial

Shows the wall-time clock in the router

show clock

Displays a cached list of host names and addresses

show hosts

history of commands executed

show history

Displays all users who are connected to the router

show users

info about flash memory and its IOS

show flash

Displays the ARP table of the router

show ARP

info about router and IOS running in RAM

show version

Displays the global and interface specific status of each configured Layer 3 protocol

show protocol

Displays the configuration currently in RAM

show running-configuration

Displays the saved configuration located in NVRAM

show startup-configuration

Configuring a serial interface

Router#config t Router(config)#interface serial 0/0/0 Router(config-if)#ip address 192.10.10.1 255.255.255.0 Router(config-if)#clock rate 64000 (if DCE is connected) Router(config-if)#no shutdown

A _ is by default administratively down, until it is brought up

router

The _ is the determining factor with regard to DTE or DCE not the router. One end of the cable is always a DTE and the other is always a DCE.

cable DTE or DCE

A _ is by default a _ – If connecting one router to another one interface must define the clock – the DCE end of the cable (wire).

router DTE Device

Configuring an Ethernet interface

Router#config t Router(config)#interface fastethernet 0/0 Router(config-if)#ip address 192.10.10.1 255.255.255.0 Router(config-if)#no shutdown

* Can convey message to all users * Might want to include a warning not to access the device * Use a delimiting character before and after “ _ “ Router#config t Router(config)#banner motd # Authorized Users Only!!! #

Saving Configuration Files Save the Router configuration using the:

copy running-config startup-config command. Router#copy running-config startup-config Building configuration... [OK] Router#

The cheapest cable use in computer in networking is the _ cable. Other use the _ cable which is cost much than _ but more reliable.

UTP CABLE UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair) STP (Shielded Twisted Pair) UTP

RJ means _. This is a standard physical Network Interface used for connecting telecommunications equipment commonly, a computer networking equipment.

RJ45 Registered Jack

_ is used to join the RJ-45 and RJ-11 connectors to the both ends of either phone or CAT5 cable.

CRIMPER Crimping tool

A tool designed to remove the protective covering (jacket) off of a cable to expose the inner wires. Because different wires come in different shapes, there are dozens of different wire strippers available.

WIRE STRIPPER

A cable tester is a device that is used to test the strength and connectivity of a particular type of cable or other wired assemblies.

LAN TESTER

is also referred to as an Ethernet card and network adapter. It is an expansion card that enables a computer to connect to a network;

Network Interface Card or NIC

CROSSOVER

SIDE ONE: White Orange Orange White Green Blue White Blue Green White Brown Brown SIDE TWO: White Green Green White Orange Blue White Blue Orange White Brown Brown

Use Crossover Cables For The Following Cabling:

* Switch to switch * Switch to hub * Hub to hub * Router to router * Router Ethernet port to PC NIC * PC to PC

STRAIGHT-THROUGH CABLING

SAME ANG SIDE ONE & TWO: White Orange Orange White Green Blue White Blue Green White Brown Brown

* A backup plan that is designed to restore and recover data and computer functionality in the event of a disaster such as a computer or server failure

Computer Disaster Recovery Plan

* What can happen when there is no computer disaster recovery plan?

* company/customer data is lost * company operations may become disrupted * operations may never return to the pre-disaster state

* What can happen when there is no computer disaster recovery plan?

* Software Failure * Hardware Failure

a crash or cessation of processing because of a logic error in a program or key files have become corrupt or damaged

* Software Failure

computers fail in varying degrees of severity. The worst failures impact the ability for the computer to function at all

* Hardware Failure

The computer is unable to load the operating system

* Hard drive failure

Software can affect hardware by corrupting its firmware and causing the hardware to overheat and fail.

* Other component failure

The screen will be black with no signal.

* Video card failure

making copies of important data, files, and computer system settings

Data backup

* Preventative strategies:

* data backup * redundant hardware setups * security software * defragmentation * proper cooling

* On-site backups

* Raid 0 * Manual on-site backup

* The computer has two of the same-sized hard drives where the same data is written to both drives ----- Is performed through BIOS and operating system settings ----- Quickest means of recovery when a hard drive failure occurs because of the system’s redundancy

* Raid 0

Data is backed up to another drive or location at regular intervals

Manual on-site backup

Utilizes servers or cloud-based systems for backup locations

* Off-Site Backup

* software applications are designed to protect the computer and its systems --- Antivirus, Firewall, and other security software suites allow for better protection of a computer’s files and systems

* Security software

the process where files on the hard drive are put back into their proper order, increasing performance and proper file management

* Defragmentation

heat causes hardware failures. Proper cooling is necessary for a computer to operate correctly

* Proper cooling

Looking at the activity log is helpful in troubleshooting the computer

* System performance test

Detection strategies

* software notifications * system performance tests * user detection

Computer Disaster Recovery Plan: ____ * ____: Operating systems today incorporate some form of software or hardware diagnostic tool to aid the user in troubleshooting the computer -- They are designed to notify the user of a potential malfunction or to run a check for a fault

Detection * Software notifications

The user generally knows what is supposed to happen with a particular software package or operating system. When things don’t work the way they are supposed to, a user detects the problem

* User Detection

Corrective/Reactive strategies

* identify the problem * assess the areas that are affected * repair or replace the affected hardware/software * confirm through testing that the problem has been corrected

Computer Disaster Recovery Plan: ___ ⚫____ ⚫___

Corrective Strategy ⚫Identify the problem ⚫What is affected

: Is the problem software or hardware related?

⚫Identify the problem

diagnose hardware failures using the utility that comes pre-installed with the operating system. Replace any hardware that might be faulty. Software is usually diagnosed by the user or with the appearance of error messages

⚫What is affected:

* ___: repair/restore/reinstall software when it fails to function correctly. * ____: Replace faulty hardware and reinstall drivers as necessary --- Confirm through testing that the problem has been resolved

* Repair/Replace * ___: repair/restore/reinstall software when it fails to function correctly. * ____: Replace faulty hardware and reinstall drivers as necessary

* The process and practice of keeping a computer in good working order

COMPUTER PREVENTATIVE MAINTENANCE

* Involves maintaining both the hardware and the software on the computer

COMPUTER PREVENTATIVE MAINTENANCE

* Should be performed every 3-6 months

COMPUTER PREVENTATIVE MAINTENANCE * Hardware

- Listen - Clean dust out - Look at computer specs

- make note of the hardware in the machine * As a computer ages, it has trouble keeping up with newer software requirements

Look at computer specs

while the computer is running, listen for odd sounds such as clicking or other abnormal noises

Listen

- using a vacuum, place suction at both the exhaust and intake vents on the computer where buildup is visible * This returns airflow to components that generate heat and allows the machine to run more efficiently while decreasing the likelihood of failure * Canned air is also an option for blowing dust from a computer. Open the case for best results

clean dust out

make copies of important files. Can be done on external media, a hard drive, online backup, or to a virtual location like the cloud

Backup

COMPUTER PREVENTATIVE MAINTENANCE * Software

* Backup * Check computer security * Empty cache, delete any unwanted or temp files * Update drivers

- periodically, perform an entire scan of the computer’s hard drive * To perform a scan, open the security software application and select the complete system scan * Make note of security software renewal dates. If the subscription has expired, you will not have active protection.

Check computer security

The reason for preventative maintenance

* to prevent unnecessary and premature hardware failures * to ensure that software is up to date and functioning at optimal levels * for an extra degree of protection in backing up key files and documents * to help extend the life of the computer

will enhance the computer’s performance and make it more stable

Update drivers

clear the cookies from your Internet browser, delete emails, empty the trash, and delete any temporary files by performing a disk cleanup and defragmentation of the hard drive

Empty cache, delete any unwanted or temp files