edema/congestion,hemostasis

Question 1

edema

Answer 1

increased fluid within interstitial tissues

Question 2

edema pathophysiology

Answer 2

increased hydrostatic pressure&decreased venous return, reduced plasma osmotic pressure(kidney disease), lymphatic obstruction, sodium&water retention, inflammation

Question 3

generalized edema also called

Answer 3

anasarca, hydrops

Question 4

effusion

Answer 4

collection of fluid in body cavity or space

Question 5

examples of effusion

Answer 5

pleural, pericardial, peritoneal(ascites), joint space(synovial) —- transudate or exudate

Question 6

hyperemia

Answer 6

increased tissue blood volume secondary to neurogenic mechanisms or inflammation (active

Question 7

congestion

Answer 7

increased tissue blood volume secondary to impaired venous return (passive) –things are slowing down,can’t get blood out

Question 8

hemorrhage

Answer 8

loss of blood secondary to vessel injury or physical disruption

Question 9

external hemorrhage aka

Answer 9

bleeding

Question 10

internal hemorrhage

Answer 10

hematoma- large mass (tumor) of blood
ecchymosis- >1cm (bruise)
purpura- .3-.9cm
petechia(e)- 1-2mm (pinpoint) often multiple

Question 11

examples of hemorrhage in body spaces

Answer 11

hemothorax, hemopericardium, hemarthrosis, hemoperitoneum

Question 12

acute hemorrhage

Answer 12

shock, >20% blood volume

Question 13

chronic hemorrhage

Answer 13

anemia

Question 14

hemostasis

Answer 14

rapid arrest of blood loss at site of injury

Question 15

the 3 major components of hemostasis are

Answer 15

1. endothelium-both anticoagulant and procoagulant
2. platelets - fill in area of injury, adhesion, secretion, aggregation
3. coagulation cascade- glue things down

Question 16

platelet adhesion

Answer 16

von Willebrand factor- link on connective tissue

GP 1b on platelets

Question 17

platelet secretion

Answer 17

release ADP and Ca, surface phospholipid (PL) complex

Question 18

platelet aggregation

Answer 18

mediated by ADP, TXA2, and thrombin

fibrinogen binds to GP IIb-IIIa

Question 19

coagulation cascade is a

Answer 19

series of proteolytic conversions

Question 20

more stuff about coagulation cascade

Answer 20

Ca active enzyme-cofactor-substrate, enzyme activity occurs at PL complex on platelet surface, extrinsic system-tissue factor, intrinsic system-factor XII(Hageman),
final products: thrombin and fibrin

Question 21

final products of coagulation cascade

Answer 21

thrombin and fibrin

Question 22

endothelin release causes vasocontriction– good because?

Answer 22

injured area diminishes in size, helps platelets fill in

Question 23

counter-regulation of hemostasis– why?

Answer 23

bleeding has stopped, don’t want to continue to grow a big clot– trim clot to just fit area of injury– stable area of hemostasis while still allowing blood flow

Question 24

platelets in counter-regulation

Answer 24

PGI2, NO, ADPase

ADPase cleaves ADP-shuts stuff down

Question 25

fibrin clot in counter reg

Answer 25

antithrombin III, Protein S, Protein C, thrombomodulin

Question 26

fibrinolysis in counter reg

Answer 26

tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) plasmin