Edleman Xzone Flashcards
(126 cards)
1
Q
The Vitelli line veins form the
A
IVC
2
Q
Blood from the coronary veins enters the right atrium via the
A
Coronary sinus
3
Q
The Eustachian valve is best visualized in which view
A
Bicaval view
4
Q
Absence of the SinoAtrial node is associated with _______ atrial isomerism
A
Left
5
Q
The pathogenic mechanism responsible for formation of Dextrocardia is
A
abnormal situs and looping
6
Q
E wave velocities of the MV and TV change when what is impacted
A
Myocardium
7
Q
The pathogenic mechanism responsible for formation of an AVSD is
A
Extracellular Matrix
8
Q
After birth all of the flowing veins deliver deoxygenated blood to the heart EXCEPT
Portal veins
SVC
Pulmonary veins
IVC
A
Pulmonary veins
9
Q
The 3 main bundles of the cardiac conduction system include all the following
A
Bachman’s bundle
Thorel’s bundle
Wenkebach’s bundle
10
Q
Broad pyramidal and triangular all describe
A
Right atrial appendage
11
Q
The AO and PA are formed during which stage of embryology
A
Stage IV
12
Q
On an EKG the time it takes from ventricular contraction to atrial contraction is the
A
RP interval
13
Q
The interatrial and interventricular septa are formed during which stage of embryology
A
Stage III
14
Q
Following birth the Ductus arteriosus usually closes completely within
A
3-4 days
15
Q
A tortuous Ductus arteriosus is a normal variant seen in the _____ trimester
A
3rd
16
Q
After birth the ductus venous becomes the
A
Ligamentum venosum
17
Q
Mitral and tricuspid valves are formed during what stage
A
Stage III
18
Q
What are the AV valves
A
Tricuspid and mitral
19
Q
Semilunar valves
A
AO valve
PA valve
20
Q
The coronary sinus receives blood from the
A
Coronary veins
21
Q
During diastole blood is prevented from flowing back into the right ventricle by the
A
Pulmonic valve
22
Q
The SA and Av nodes are normally located in the
A
Right atrium
23
Q
The pathogenic mechanism responsible for formation of a DORV is
A
Tissue Migration Abnormality
24
Q
Fetal coronary artery flow is difficult to visualize in the normal fetus prior to what gestational age
A
31 weeks
25
The atrioventricular loops forms during which stage of embryology
Stage II
26
The azygous vein normally drains into
SVC
27
During diastole which valves are open
Mitral and tricuspid
28
The inner most layer of the heart wall is the
Endocardium
29
Blood from the IVC enters the right atrium via the
Eustachian valve
30
On an EKG atrial contraction occurs the
P wave
31
Cardiac cycle
P wave -
QRS complex-
T wave -
P - atrial contraction
QRS - ventricular contraction
T wave - ventricular repolarization
32
A Normal resistive index (RI) in a middle cerebral artery is
>80%
33
Systemic veins include
SVC
IVC
Coronary sinus
34
Which cardiac valve is described as having a fish mouth appearance in the the short axis
Mitral valve
35
Heterotaxy is often seen with ______ atrial isomerisum
Left
36
The posterior wall of the ao should normally be continuous with the
Anterior mitral valve leaflet
37
The IVS is continuous with the anterior wall of the
AO
38
Outermost layer of the heart
Pericardium
39
A single heart tube is formed during which stage of embryology
Stage 1
40
A normal S/d ratio in fetal MCA is
>6
41
Endocardial cushions fuse at what stage
Stage III
42
Absence of the Coumadin ridge is associated with
TAPVR
43
2nd degree heart block is often associated with
Long QT syndrome
44
The most common type of aortopulmonary window involves the
Proximal ascending AO
45
This is often associated with scimitar syndrome
papvc
Infracardiac
46
what percent of fetuses with atrial flutter also have a structural CHD
30%
47
This has an association with a dilated left bracheocephalic vein
Vein of Galen aneurysm
48
Aberrant Right Subclavian Artery is commonly associated with
Kommerrell’s diverticulum
49
What color Doppler finding is consistent with tricuspid regurgitation
Retrograde color jet filling in the atrium
50
This is commonly associated with a univentricular heart
Complete TGA
51
The following m mode finding would be consistent with ventricular tachycardia
Ventricular rate of >180 that exceeds the atrial rate
52
Characteristics of aberrant subclavian artery
Vascular ring
Abnormal spacing of the vessels arising from the ao arch
Four vessels arising from the aortic arch
53
The highest risk of CHD occurs when situs inversus totalis is associated with
Levocardia
54
An appropriate frame rate for performing fetal echocardiography is usually
>25 frames per second
55
An increased PRF may be necessary to evaluate the
AO arch
56
A single normal sized great artery seen in the 3VV would be most consistent with
TGA
57
Systolic velocity minus diastolic velocity, divided by mean velocity is used to calculate
Pulsatlity index
58
Narrowing the color box will
Optimize your color image when evaluating for tricuspid regurgitation
59
A normal cardio vascular score in a fetus with CHD is
10
60
This view is most cephalad on the fetal heart
3VV
61
Narrowing the color box increases the
Frame rate
62
Color setting for the interrogation is the cardiac valves should include these
Increased PRF
Narrowed color box
High wall filter
63
Narrowing sector width improves
Temporal resolution
64
Mitral and tricuspid valve orifices are measured during
Mid diastole
65
Best describes a normal IVC wave form in a fetus
Triphasic with forward S&D point , reversed A point
66
Ventricular wall thickness is measured from the endocardium to the
Epicardium
67
Systolic velocity minus diastolic velocity , divided by the systolic velocity is used to calculate
Resistive index
68
Sonographic sign of a DOUBLE AO ARCH that can be seen in a 3VV is termed
Trident sign
69
Increasing frame rate can be accomplished by
Narrowing the sector width
70
Blood flow through the AO valve should be measured at
Peak systole
71
Harmonic imaging allows the ultrasound machine to
Receive a higher frequency ultrasound signal then sent
72
Increasing dynamic range would result in
More shades of grey
73
Another name for redundant Foramenal flap is
Aneurysm of the foramen ovale
74
The trachea can be identified on A 3VV by this sonographic finding
Hyperechoic rim
75
An artifact that may increase sensitivity in diagnosing perimembranous VSD’s in An apical four chamber view is referred to as the
T sign
76
An appropriate color scale for a fetal echo is approximately
40-60
77
Another name for velocity scale is
PRF
78
In the normal heart which chamber should form the bulk of the cardiac apex
Left ventricle
79
If the transducer is completely Sagittal on a fetus you are most likely at the level of which heart view
Short axis of the ventricles
80
PRF can be changed by adjusting
Scale
81
The systemic venous system of the fetus includes the
Vitelline veins
Cardinal veins
Umbilical veins
82
These vessels merge to form the left brachiocephalic vein
Left subclavian and left jugular veins
83
The right bundle branch of the cardiac conduction system is located in the
Interventricular septum
84
SVC is formed by the confluence of the
Left and Right brachiocephalic veins
85
The Chordae Tendinae insert directly into the IVS in which chamber
Right ventricle
86
Blood is supplied to the fetal upper extremities by the
Subclavian arteries
87
Retrograde color jet filling the atrium would be consistent with.
Tricuspid regurgitation
88
Most common type of DORV
DORV with a sub aortic VSD
89
Absence of the Coumadin ridge is associated with
TAPVR
And right isomerism
90
Ventricular length should be measured at
End diastole
91
A dilated Left brachiocephalic vein would most likely be indicative of what cardiac anomaly
Supra-cardiac TAPVR
92
What percent of fetal heart block is associated with maternal +SSA antibodies
60%
93
Which of the following CHDs has the highest association with 22q11 deletion syndrome (Di George)
TOF
And truncus arteriosus
94
During embryology, if the cardiac looping goes the WRONG direction which congenital cardiac defect will occur
CCTGA
95
The majority of oxygenated fetal blood bypasses the liver via the
Ductus venosus
96
Normal position of the heart is termed
Levoposition
97
Which one of the following cardiac anomalies may cause fetal hydrops in the fetus
Arrhythmia
Cardiomyopathy
Valvular insufficiency
Valvular stenosis
Arrhythmia
98
Truncus arteriosus can be mistaken for which other anomaly
TOF
99
Which CHD is LEAST likely to be associated with a chromosomal abnormality
CC-TGA
100
What other anatomical variant might be seen with a persistent left superior vena cava
Absent left brachiocephalic vein
101
What would be indicative of abnormal tricuspid insufficiency
Holosystolic retrograde flow
102
A normal fetal heart rate is between
120-180 bpm
103
What is a sign of VCAC on a fetal echocardiogram
Ventriculo-Coronary Arterial Communication
Color Doppler at the RV apex
104
The IVC is formed by the the primitive
Right Viteline vein
105
The left brachiocephalic vein is formed by the
Left jugular and left subclavian vein
106
All of the following have an increased risk of causing a fetal arrhythmia EXCEPT
AVSD
TGA
cCTGA
Ebstein’s
TGA
107
The heart can be displaced to the right side of the chest due to all the following except
CPAM
Hypoplastic Right lung
Hypoplastic Left lung
Diaphragmatic hernia
Hypoplastic left lung
108
Left atrial isomerism is associated with all of the following EXCEPT
Arrhythmia
Complete TGA
Polysplenia
Persistent truncus arteriosus
Complete TGA
109
If a Persistent Left superior vena cava is present a fourth vessel will be visualized
Left of the pulmonary in the 3VV trac view
110
Shone complex includes all of the following ExCEPT
Coarc of the ao
Aortic stenosis
Subvalvular mitral membrane
Parachute mitral valve
Subvalvular mitral membrane
111
Which of the following views is obtained MOST cephalic on the fetus
3VV
Long axis of the PA
3VV trachea view
Apical five chamber view
3VV trachea view
112
The proximal portion of the cardiac loop is termed the
Bulbous cordis
113
With second degree heart block the atrial rate would most commonly be
Normal and regular associated with long QT syndrome
114
Pulsed Doppler should be used to interrogate all valves proximally for
Insufficiency
115
At the level of the 3VV blood flow through the DA should normally Travel
Toward the anterior chest wall
Toward the the pulmonic valve
Toward the SVC
Toward the spine
Toward the spine
116
Isolated dextro cardia carries the highest risk for
CHD
117
Approximately what percent of VSD are isolated abnormalities
70%
118
Absence of the left brachiocephalic vein has been associated with a
Persistent Left superior vena cava
119
Azygous continuation of the IVC is most commonly seen with
Polysplenia
120
A poor prognostic sign for a fetus with HLHS is
Reversal or absence of blood flow through the foramen ovale
121
A larger than expected dropout in the central portion of the atrial septum would be most indicative of
Ostium secundum ASD
122
In a fetus with a cystic hygroma the most likely CHD would be
Coarctation
123
Sinoatrial node sends electrical signal to
1.
2.
3.
Bachmans bundle
Wenckebach bundle
Thorel’s bundle
124
Purkingie fibers cause the ventricles to
Contract
125
Ductus arteriosus carries blood from the pulmonary artery to the
Descending AO
126
An AVSD with a hypoplastic LV would be termed
Unbalanced
