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Fetal Echo 2022 > Fetal Echo 2022 > Flashcards

Fetal Echo 2022 Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the 3 shunts of the fetal circulation

A

Ductus venosus
Foramen ovale
Ductus arteriosus

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2
Q

The first step in beginning a fetal echocardiogram is to determine

A

Fetal position

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3
Q

The ascending aorta and the main pulmonary artery are derived embryologically from a spiral division of the

A

Truncus arteriosus

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4
Q

In complete transposition of the great arteries the pulmonary artery arises from the morphologic

A

Left ventricle

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5
Q

Which heart defect is most commonly associated with trisomy 21

A

AVSD

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6
Q

In congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries, the aorta arises from the morphologic

A

Right ventricle

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7
Q

The left atrial appendage is described as having a _______________ appearance

A

Finger like

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8
Q

Hypoplasia of the right ventricle would be indicative of which of

A

Pulmonary atresia

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9
Q

Ebstein anomaly is characterized by

A

Atrialization of the right ventricle

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10
Q

Which of the following has the highest association with 22q 11 deletion syndrome, aka di George

A. mitral stenosis

B. persistent, left superior vena cava

C. VSD

D. TOF

A

TOF

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11
Q

Severe levocardia is most likely to be seen with which of the following
A. Ebstein anomaly
B. TOF
C. HLHS
D. DORV

A

Ebstein anomaly

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12
Q

An AVSD with CHB is most likely to be seen in a fetus with
A. DiGeorge syndrome
B. Heterotaxy
C. Down Syndrome
D. Hydrops

A

Heterotaxy

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13
Q

The congenital heart defect most commonly associated with mesocardia is

A

Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries

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14
Q

Which of the following carries the highest risk of having CHD
A. isolated dextrocardia
B. dextrocardia with situs inversus
C. isolated dextroposition.
D. Dextroposition with situs inversus.

A

Isolated dextrocardia

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15
Q

The most common type of Ectopia cordis is

A

Thoracic

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16
Q

Pentalogy of Cantrell is associated with

A

Ectopia cordis

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17
Q

What vessels are seen on the three vessel view?

A

Pulmonary
Aorta
SVC

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18
Q

The normal velocity for the aortic valve would be

A

<_120 cm/sec

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19
Q

What is the best view to interrogate the aortic valve with spectral Doppler

A

Apical five chamber view

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20
Q

To access the pulmonary artery for valvular insufficiency your sample volume will need to be placed in the

A

Right ventricle

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21
Q

Which of the following would be indicative of an abnormal tricuspid efficiency?
A. retrograde flow occurring in early diastole
B. Holocystic flow occurring in diastole
C. Retrograde flow occurring in early systole.
D. Holosystolic flow occurring in systole.

A

Holosystolic flow occurring in systole

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22
Q

Which one of the following would most likely cause abnormal prominence of the A wave in the pulmonary veins?

A. Mitral stenosis
B. tricuspid stenosis
C. transposition of the great arteries
D. truncus arteriosus

A

Mitral stenosis

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23
Q

Pulsed Doppler should be used to interrograte all valves proximally for

A

Insufficiency

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24
Q

To assess a fetal dysrhythmia, the m mode cursor should be placed simultaneously through which structures

A

An atrial and ventricular wall

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25
The normal direction of blood flow through the foramen ovale
From the right atrium to the left atrium
26
All of the following are indications for performing a fetal echo except A. Mother with lupus B. mother with diabetes C. Mother with cytomegalovirus D. mother with influenza
Mother with influenza
27
Which of the following chromosomal abnormalities carries the highest risk of an associated congenital heart defect A. Trisomy 21 B. Trisomy 18 C. 22q11 deletion D. 45x
Trisomy 18
28
Trisomy 18 is also known as
Edwards
29
22q 11 deletion is also known as
Di George
30
45X is also known as
Turner’s syndrome
31
Most common type of congenital heart disease found in the abortuses and stillbirths is an
VSD
32
The most appropriate view to interrogate the interventriular septum is the
Subcostal 4 chamber view
33
Per the AIUM guidelines a fetal echo should be performed at approximately what gestational age
18-22 weeks
34
The apex of the heart normally points towards the
Left
35
The angle of the heart compared to the midline is normally approximately
45 degrees
36
The normal position of the heart is termed
Levoposition
37
The normal fetal heart should occupy ______ of the chest
1/3
38
The apical four chamber view is obtained when the septate of the heart is parallel to the
Angle of insonation
39
The apical 4 chamber view is not the best view to evaluate the
Interventricular septum
40
The moderator band can be found in the
Right ventricle
41
On a short axis view of the great vessels, the main pulmonary artery is often seen bifurcating into
Ductus arteriosus, and right pulmonary artery
42
Most common location for an in-utero coarctation to occur is the
Aortic isthmus
43
The ductal arch is comprised of all the following EXCEPT A. descending aorta B. pulmonary artery C. Ascending aorta D. ductus arteriosus
Ascending aorta
44
A fetus is at a highest risk of having congenital heart defect if
The mother of the fetus has a heart defect
45
Best view to interrogate the mitral valve spectral Doppler would be
Apical 4 chamber view
46
The majority of oxygenated fetal blood bypasses the liver via the
Ductus venosus
47
Pulmonary vein blood flow normally flows
Into the left atrium
48
Oxygenated blood flows from the placenta to the fetus via the
Umbilical vein
49
Which of the following is NOT a shunt present in the fetus? A. Ductus venosum. B. Foremen ovale C. Ductus arteriosus D. umbilical vein
Umbilical vein
50
An atrialventricular septal defect includes abnormal development of all the following except the A. aortic arch B. interatrial septum C. Interventricular septum D. atrioventricular valves
Aortic arch
51
In hypoplastic left heart syndrome the left ventricle becomes hypoplastic due to
Decrease blood flow into or out of the left ventricle
52
In HLHS blood flow through the ascending aorta is usually
Absent or reversed
53
AVSD’s are commonly associated with
Asplenia
54
The following chromosomal abnormality is most commonly associated with an a AVSD
Trisomy 21
55
Which of the following will be present with a hypoplastic right ventricle A. small or atretic aortic valve B. Small or artetic pulmonary valve C. small aorta D. small,pulmonary veins
Small or artetic pulmonary valve
56
Which of the following would not be visualized with a hypoplastic right ventricle? A. retrograde flow through the foramen ovale B. Large left heart. C. Decrease flow through the pulmonary artery. D. Dilated aortic root.
Retrograde flow through the foramen ovale
57
Coarctation of the aorta is defined as
Narrowing of the aorta
58
All of the following are signs of coarctation of the aorta EXCEPT A. Enlarged right ventricle. B. Enlarged left ventricle C. Increase velocities in the aorta. D. A narrowing of the aorta.
Enlarged left ventricle
59
Coarctation of the aorta is most common in which genetic condition
45X
60
Ebstein anomaly is
Inferior displacement of the tricuspid valve
61
Truncus arteriosus can be mistaken for which other anomaly
TOF
62
Which of the following defects is not seen in a newborn with TOF A. VSD. B. Overriding aorta C. Aortic stenosis. D. Right ventricular hyper trophy.
Aortic stenosis
63
The great vessels of the aortic arch, in order of origin are
Brachiocephalic Left common carotid Left subclavian artery
64
when the apex of the heart is pointed towards the right side, it is termed
Dextrocardia
65
Azygous continuation of the IVC is most commonly seen with
Polysplenia
66
A dilated coronary sinus is often present with a
Persistent left superior vena cava
67
In a fetus with a cystic hygroma, the most likely CHD would be A. HLHS B. Hypoplastic, right ventricle C. Coarctation D pulmonary stenosis
Coarctation
68
In a fetus with a left-sided cystic adenomatoid malformation the most common cardiac position would be A. Dextroposition. B. Dextrocardia C. Mesocardia D. Levoposition
Dextroposition
69
The order of the vessels normally seen on a three vessel view from left to right are
Pulmonary artery, aorta, superior, vena cava
70
The anterior wall of the aorta should be continuous with which cardiac structure A. Interventricular septum B. Interatrial septum C. Tricuspid valve D. Mitral valve
Intraventricular septum
71
In a short access view of the great vessels which cardiac chamber will be closest to the anterior chest wall A. Left atrium B. left ventricle C. Right atrium D. Right ventricle
Right ventricle
72
Which anomaly will always be present with an aberrant left subclavian artery A. Double aortic arch. B. Right sided aortic arch. C. Coarctation of the aorta D. Aortic atresia
Right sided aortic arch
73
If the tricuspid valve is abnormally, located on the left side of the heart, which structure must also be abnormally located on the left
The right ventricle
74
The ratio of a E:A points of the mitral valve should normally be A.<1 B.<1.5 C.<2 D.<2.5
<1
75
If significant tricuspid regurgitation is seen in a fetal heart, which of the following should be suspected A. Tricuspid atresia B. Pulmonary stenosis C. Mitral atresia D. Aortic stenosis
Pulmonary stenosis
76
Which of the following can cause early reversal of the E and A points of the tricuspid valve A. IUGR B. Fetal anemia C. Macrosomia D. Trisomy, 21
IUGR
77
Pulsatile flow in the umbilical artery is normal before
12 weeks gestation
78
All of the following might cause a prominent A wave in the ductus venosus except A. Hypoplastic right ventricle B. Heart rate above 190 bpm C . Tricuspid atresia D. Persistent left superior vena cava.
Persistent left superior vena cava
79
A normal S/D ratio of the umbilical artery after 30 weeks gestation would be
<_3
80
The most common arrhythmia seen in fetuses is
Premature atrial contraction, also known as PACs
81
An atrial rate greater than 400 bpm would be consistent with
Atrial fibrillation
82
Which of the following is not associated with Fetal PACs? A. Maternal caffeine ingestion B. Maternal smoking C. Maternal diabetes D. Redundant foramenal flap
Maternal diabetes
83
Complete heart block in a fetus is associated with
Maternal lupus
84
If a fetal heart exhibited a ventricular rate of 60 bpm in an atrial rate of 120 bpm, the most likely diagnosis would be A. Superventricular tachycardia B. Second-degree heart block C. Premature atrial contraction D. Complete heart block
Second-degree heart block
85
The most common type of an ASD is
Ostium secundum
86
The most common type of a VSD is
Membranous
87
Approximately what percent of VSDs are isolated abnormalities A. 40% B. 50% C. 60% D. 70%
60%
88
An AVSD with a single multi leaflet AV valve, would be classified as A. Complete B. partial C. Intermediate D. Balanced
Complete
89
The most commonly diagnosed type of Univentricular heart consist of A. A single ventricle. B. A morphologic left ventricle with a rudimentary right chamber. C. A morphological, right ventricle with a rudimentary left chamber. D. A rudimentary right and left ventricle
A morphologic left ventricle with a rudimentary right chamber
90
Persistent, truncus arteriosus has a strong association with
22Q 11 deletion also known as Di George
91
If a confluence of all four pulmonary veins is identified posterior to the left atrium, the most likely diagnosis is
Total anomalous pulmonary venous return
92
Which of the following is least likely to warrant immediate surgery following birth A. Coarctation of the aorta B.TAPVR C. Tetralogy of Fallot. D. Persistent left superior vena cava
Persistent left superior vena cava
93
By definition, a double outlet, right ventricle is present when at least what percent of both great vessels arise from the right ventricle
50%
94
Which of the following carries a strong association with rhabdomyoma’s A. Trisomy, 13. B. Muscular dystrophy C. Polysplenia D. Tuberous sclerosis
Tuberous sclerosis
95
Left atrial isomerism is associated with all the following, EXCEPT A. Arrhythmia B. Polysplenia C. Complete transposition of the great arteries. D. Right sided fetal stomach.
Complete transposition of the great vessels
96
The most common cardiac anomaly seen in TTTS is
Pulmonary stenosis
97
The heart can be displaced to the right side of the chest due to all the following EXCEPT A. Tricuspid insufficiency B. Diaphragmatic hernia C. Cystic adenomatiod malformation D. Hypoplastic right lung.
Tricuspid insufficiency
98
And rare instances premature atrial contractions, can evolve into
Superventricular tachycardia
99
All of the following might cause an enlarged right atrium EXCEPT A. Ebstein anomaly B. HLHS C. Tricuspid insufficiency D.PLSVC
Persistent, left superior vena cava
100
Which of the following is most commonly seen in the fetus of a diabetic mother A. Dilated cardiomyopathy B. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy C. Restrictive cardiomyopathy D. Congestive cardiomyopathy.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
101
Which of the following is most likely seen in the fetus of a diabetic mother A. Tetralogy of Fallot. B.HLHS C.TAPVR D. Coarctation of the aorta
TOF
102
A normal fetal heart rate is between
100 -180bpm

Fetal Echo 2022 (7 decks)

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