eduational difference in class

Question 1

what is cultural deprivation?

Answer 1

lack of basic skills, values and attitude gained from primary socialisation

Question 1

what is the intellectual development for w/c?

Answer 1

w/c pupils lack books to stimulate child’s intellectual development

Question 2

bernstein and young research on intellectual development.

Answer 2

according to bernstein and young: m/c mothers are more likely to buy educational toys for their child’s intellectual development to encourage reasoning skills resulting in them having higher IQs in high school

Question 3

what is the intellectual development for m/c

Answer 3

m/c pupil have educational toys to stimulate their intellectual development

Question 4

the language code w/c develop?

Answer 4

the restricted code - use gestures, single words or disjointed phrases, limited vocab

Question 5

the language code the m/c develops?

Answer 5

the elaborated code - wider vocab, complex sentences good reasoning and communication skills

Question 6

bernstein argue on language

Answer 6

according to bernstein: language used by the w/c is different to the language used by the m/c

Question 7

what attitudes and values does the w/c have?

Answer 7

they have the** immediate gratification** (live for the moment) and doesn’t value education as much as the m/c

Question 8

what attitudes and values does the m/c have?

Answer 8

they have deferred gratification (save for the future and spend wisely) values education more than the w/c and has self control

Question 9

what is the myth of cultural deprivation?

Answer 9

according to **Kiddie **- w/c children are not culturally deprived but culturally different

education system dominated by m/c values - an ethnocentric curriculum

Question 10

what housing problems does w/c pupil face?

Answer 10

according to Flaherty - overcrowded housing means that they can get ill easier and quickly resulting in skipping school and thus underachieving

no space to work and study

Question 11

what health and diet problems does the w/c pupil have?

Answer 11

according to Howard - w/c pupils are likely to have poor diets and low intake resulting in them not having the energy to study and learn. this can cause them to **get ill, skip school **and underachieve

Question 12

what financial problems does the w/c face?

Answer 12

according to Bull - ‘the cost of free schooling’ means to pay for the equipment and resources for free school

according to Waldforgal and Washbrook - can’t afford tuition or transport or internet

Question 13

what is cultural capital?

Answer 13

according to Bourdieu - pupils need both cultural and material factors to educationally achieve

It is to have the knowledge, wealth, skills and values

Question 14

Sullivans research on cultural capital

Answer 14

Sullivans research method: questionnaires
465 pupils to 4 schools to assess their favourite activities

found those who took part in complex activities had more cultural capital and were m/c, were top set and did better.

Question 15

what is marketisation?

Answer 15

process of introducing parental choice and competition between schools as the power shifts from state control to parents.

Question 16

Gewirtz research on marketisation

Answer 16

Gewirtz research method: unstructured interviews in 14 London schools with teachers and parents + analysed documents (applications)

m/c families with cultural capital took advantage of opportunities for their child’s education (pick the best schools)

document can be socially constructed and thus not reliable but is representative

Question 17

what is the compensatory education?

Answer 17

provide extra finance and resources to schools and communities in deprived areas

Question 18

what is sure start?

Answer 18

help parents to socialise their child to healthy eating, improve literacy etc
(closed due to a lack of funding)

Question 19

what is the operation head start?

Answer 19

us funding millions to pre schools to enable home visits and educational psychologist

Question 20

what is the educational priority zone?

Answer 20

provide funds for free school meals, trips facilities etc

Question 21

Beckers research on* labelling*

Answer 21

Beckers research method: unstructured interviews with 60 Chicago school teachers and found that the teachers judge students according to their ‘ideal pupil’

Question 22

Keddies research on* streaming*

Answer 22

Keddies research method: overt observation of comprehensive schools with streaming and found that teachers provide more knowledge to higher streams (m/c) that w/c didn’t get

observation bias - only looked at comprehensive schools

Question 23

Rosenthal and Jacobson’s research on the self-fulfilling prophecy

Answer 23

Rosenthal and Jacobson’s research method: a field experiment in one primary school on ‘spurts’ - 20% of students chosen as spurts out of the class and 47% of the spurts improved

Question 24

what is streaming?

Answer 24

according to Becker - w/c pupils not seen as the ‘ideal type’ are placed in lower educational triage and streams
separating children into different ability groups or sets for all subjects

Question 25

what is setting?

Answer 25

separating children into different ability groups or sets for some subjects

Question 26

what is pupil subculture?

Answer 26

group of pupil who share similar values, norms and behaviour, emerge due to labelling and streaming

Question 27

Lacey research on pupil subculture

Answer 27

Lacey research method: covert observation (act like a teacher) - in grammar schools streaming influences boys into either pro or anti-school subculture due to teachers differentiating students

not representative

Question 28

what is habitus?

Answer 28

according to Archer - habitus refers to the *learned ways of acting/thinking stemming from social class and socialisation. *

*w/c value less on intellectual activities *- adopt values different to the education system = anti-school subculture.

Question 29

what is the symbolic violence?

Answer 29

schools devalue w/c habitus causing a clash between their values and school values creating a symbolic violence through dress code etc

Question 30

what is the symbolic capital?

Answer 30

according to Bourdieu - its the m/c pupil who has leisure activities that gives them status, value or recognition by schools (deferred gratification etc)

Question 31

what are the **critiques **of the labelling theory?

Answer 31

labelling theory is deterministic - people can reject their label

according to Marxists, it ignores the wider structure of power within (teachers work in a system that reproduces class division)

teachers are pressurised to produce the best results - pay attention to those students that can achieve (m/c)

Question 32

Fullers research on the* rejection of the labelling theory*

Answer 32

fullers research method: used questionnaires and unstructured interviews on year 11 black girls who were labelled but were high achievers