education policy and inequality

Question 1

how do you evaluate the tripartite system?

Answer 1

chanelling the two social classes into two different schools offered unequal oppotunities

reproduced gender inequality requiring girls to get higher marks than boys to get into grammar school

reinforced class and gender inequality

Question 1

what is the education act 1944?

Answer 1

the education act 1944 was shaped by meritocracy - achieve their own status in life through own efforts - tripartitate system where children were selected and allocated to one of three types of school using the 11+

• grammar school - access to higher education = m/c
• secondary modern school - practical curriculum and manual work = w/c
• technical school - specialise in fields (e.g. ssicence tech etc)

Question 2

what is the comprehensive system 1965?

Answer 2

the comprehensive system 1965 was to abolish the tripartite system and make education more meritocratic

created comprehensive school all pupil would attend in the area giving people chance and reduce social inequality - social solidarity and not judged by the 11+

Question 3

how do you evaluate the comprehensive system 1965?

Answer 3

streaming into ability groups
labelling
self fulfilling prophecy
myth of meritocracy
local education authorities (LEA) decided where the pupils would go

Question 4

what was the education reform act 1988?

Answer 4

Thatcher (new rights) (right wing) argue state control and intervention leads to low standard and lack of choice
marketisation encourage choice and competition between school reduce state control and increase parental control

schools run like business to attract customers
according to david - increase in parental choice was parentocracy - power shifts from school to parents

Question 5

what policies encouraged marketisation?

Answer 5

• national curriculum
• standardised set of subjects
• formula funding
• competition and choice
• open enrollment

Question 6

how do you evaluate the education reform act 1988?

Answer 6

• myth of national curriculum = increase in streaming - different ability groups has a negative effect on the progress of those in lower sets
• myth of parentocracy - according to ball - travelling and cost contributes to which school they send their child
• reproduction of inequality - according to ball and whitty - exam league tables and formula funding (popular schools get more funding) reproduced inequality

Question 7

how does marketisation prove the myth of parentocracy?

Answer 7

according to gerwtiz - two types of parent take advantage of marketisation:
privileged skilled chooser - m/c with cultural capital to help their child
disconnected-local chooser - w/c choice restricted from lack of cultural capital.

Question 8

what is cream skimming?

Answer 8

being more selective on their students and recruit high achieving, mainly m/c pupils

Question 9

what is slit shifting?

Answer 9

avoid taking less able pupil who are likely to gain poor results

Question 10

what is the new labour policies 1997?

Answer 10

blair (left wing) aimed to give individual oppotunities in employment
1. education priority zones - extra funds in high deprived and low level of educational achievement
2. specialist and faith school - offer greater choice and raises standards of achievements by embling schools to build on tneir strength
3. inner city academies - increase funign for schools from business - companies buy into it - privatisation
4. 14 -19 edcational reforms - education relevant to society introducing diplomas and variety in subject (e.g. health, scoiety etc), prepare them for higher levels or employment

Question 11

how do you evaluate new labour policies 1997?

Answer 11

• poorer students stay in education but tuition fees are high defer w/c from going uni
• some academies improved and some worsened
• new rights argue limited choice - removal of variety
• liberal argues too much economic function, tests and exam = negative effect

Question 12

what is coalisation 2010?

Answer 12

coalisation encouraged new rights concept of marketsation and privatisation.

Question 13

what is the policies of coalisation 2010?**

Answer 13

1. introduction of academies - funding and control taken from local authority and given to the academy
2. free schooling - reinforced marketisation as power is given to the parents
3. policies introduced toreduce inequality
   - pupil premium (money that schools receive for each pupil from disadvantaged backgrounds) and free school meals ( to children in reception, year 1 and year 2

• ball - free school meals and academies promoted increased control over educatin byt causing:
• centralisation of control - only state has power to control which school becomes an academy / free school
  4. privatisation of education - education becoming a source of profit e.g. ofsted inspections etc
• public private partnership provide funding to the school

Question 14

how can you evaluate coalisation 2010?

Answer 14

• private company in the education system are privately owned
• nation states become less important in policy when it comes to education system - education becomes a source of profit