education - external

Question 1

cultural deprivation

Answer 1

• intellectual development limited
• w/c fail to socialise children
• equipment: language
• restricted language code
• attitudes and values

Question 2

intellectual development

Answer 2

w/c have a lack of book, educational toys and activities

Question 3

douglas

Answer 3

• cultural deprivation theorist
• w/c scored lower in tests
• parents less likely to read with them

Question 4

bernstein and young

Answer 4

M/C mothers choose toys that encourage reasoning and thinking skills.

Question 5

language

Answer 5

the way parents communicate with their children that helps their cognitive development

Question 6

Bernstein

Answer 6

• speech codes
• W/C - restricted code
• M/C - elaborate code

Question 7

Elaborate code

Answer 7

• M/C advantage
• elaborate code used by teachers and textbooks
• students feel at home

Question 8

Restricted Code

Answer 8

• W/C speak this
• grammar incorrect
• slang and broken sentences
• disadvantaged

Question 9

Hubbs-Tait

Answer 9

• M/C uses language that challenges children the evaluate own understanding.

Question 10

evaluation: bernstein

Answer 10

• described W/C speech as inadequate
  + recognises school causes underachievement
  + recognises school fails to teach elaborate code

Question 11

attitudes and values

Answer 11

different classes have attitudes and values towards education

Question 12

Feinstein

Answer 12

the W/C parents lack of interest is the main reason for children’s underachievement

Question 13

Hyman

Answer 13

the working class values and beliefs are a self imposed barrier to success

Question 14

Douglas

Answer 14

W/C parents placed less value on education and were less encouraging to children and visited their schools less often

Question 15

parenting styles

Answer 15

W/C - harsh and inconsistent discipline, dependent
M/C - consistent discipline, high expectations, motivated

Question 16

Use of income

Answer 16

Bernstein and Young
•M/C mothers buy books and toys
• encourage skills of intellectual development

Question 17

parental educational behaviour

Answer 17

M/C
• more aware of progress
• engage in progress - read and teach numeracy
• good relationships with teacher

Question 18

class, income and parental education

Answer 18

Feinstein
• parental education effects achievement
• better educated parents have more successful children

Question 19

working class subculture

Answer 19

Sugarman
• the working class has 4 key subculture
• because of lack of parental interest

Question 20

Sugar man’s 4 subcultures

Answer 20

• fatalism
• collectivism
• immediate gratification
• present time orientation

Question 21

Fatalism

Answer 21

the belief that fate has already chosen their future and nothing can change their status

Question 22

collectivism

Answer 22

value being a part of a group rather than succeeding individually

Question 23

immediate gratification

Answer 23

seeking pleasure rather than making sacrifices for rewards

Question 24

present time orientation

Answer 24

see present as more important and don’t have any long term goals

Question 25

evaluation: cultural deprivation Neil Keddie

Answer 25

• cultural deprivation is a myth • W/C children are culturally different not deprived

Question 26

evaluation : cultural deprivation troyna and williams

Answer 26

the problem is not with the child’s language but how the schools acts towards it

Question 27

evaluation: cultural deprivation black stone and martimore

Answer 27

parents ‘lack of interest’ is due to long working hours and have less effective system of keeping in touch with teachers

Question 28

compensatory education

Answer 28

schemes that are introduced to combat cultural deprivation and intervene with a child’s early socialisation

Question 29

Operation Head Start

Answer 29

• pre school in poor areas • planned enrichment to instil achievement and motivation • improved parenting skills

Question 30

Material Deprivation

Answer 30

lack of money for necessities and adequate housing

Question 31

Material deprivation : evaluation

Answer 31

• leads to silt shifting those who threaten league table status

Question 32

Howard - poverty and diet

Answer 32

• lower intakes of nutrition and vitamins • lack concentration

Question 33

material deprivations statistics

Answer 33

33> of students revieving free schools meals gained 5+

Question 34

Material Deprivation : how does housing affect achievement

Answer 34

• impaired child development • changing houses leads to dirupted education • overcrowded homes leads to psychological distress • illness leads to attendance

Question 35

Bull - cost of education

Answer 35

• lack financial support • no equipment or resources • hidden costs of education