Education (Social Policy and Education)

Question 1

What does social policy refer to?

Answer 1

Refers to the
guidelines and
legislation that
affect the living
conditions helpful to
human welfare.

Question 2

What is the aim of social policies?

Answer 2

To eradicate
class inequality;

Raise the levels
of achievement

Question 3

What conservative is the Education Act 1944 related to?

Answer 3

Richard Butler (The Butler Act)

Question 4

What are 3 things the EA 1944 introduced?

Answer 4

It introduced the Tripartite System of Secondary Education

Made all schooling—especially secondary education, free for all
pupils.

It raised the school leaving age to 15

Question 5

What type of system did the EA 1944 aim to create?

Answer 5

meritocratic system to break down
class barriers in education

Question 6

What was The Tripartite system determined by?

Answer 6

determined by one exam at 11 (The
11+)

Question 7

What were the three schools you could be placed in due to 11+ results?

Answer 7

If you passed = Grammar school

If you failed = Secondary Modern

Or a Technical School (depending on where you lived)

Question 8

What are features of a Grammar School?

Answer 8

Intended for the
academically able

Modelled on public
schools

Only 20% of school
population attended

Predominantly middle
class

Question 9

What are features of Secondary Modern?

Answer 9

75% of children attended
this types of school

Offered basic education
(little opportunity to take
external exams)

80% left without any
qualifications

Question 10

What are features of a Technical School?

Answer 10

Mainly vocational subjects
and technical skills (mechanics
and engineering)

There was very few of these
schools that existed

Only attended by 5% of the
population

Question 11

EVAL : How did the EA 1944 create low self esteem?

Answer 11

Failing the 11 plus created low self esteem

Wasted a huge amount of educational talent as many SM
students left with no qualifications

Technical schools were poorly staffed.

Question 12

EVAL : How was the EA 1944 not equal?

Answer 12

Grammar schools had a better reputation than the other
schools

Too few technical schools

Question 13

EVAL : How did the EA 1944 effect social class differences?

Answer 13

Although it was designed to remove class
barriers

Many MC students went to grammars
schools and WC students went to
secondary moderns

Question 14

EVAL : How did the EA 1944 create gender differences?

Answer 14

Female students had to gain higher marks
in the 11+ to be offered a place in the
grammar school

Question 15

By what year were concerns raised about the tripartite system not creating meritocracy?

Answer 15

1960s

Question 16

What system was introduced in many areas from 1965 onwards?

Answer 16

The comprehensive system

Question 17

What is a comprehensive school?

Answer 17

a state-funded secondary school which does not select its pupils on
the basis of academic achievement or aptitude.

Question 18

What was the comprehensive school aiming to increase which would help create meritocracy?

Answer 18

Social mixing

Question 19

What did the comprehensive system do to the 11+ ?

Answer 19

Get rid of it

Question 20

As the comprehensive schools were mixed ability, what was introduced?

Answer 20

Streaming and labelling based on pupil ability

Question 21

What are the problems about comprehensivisation?

Answer 21

Standards had been lowered and higher-ability children were being held
back

Social mixing has not really taken place and class differences persist

Comprehensive schools have failed to produce meritocracy

Question 22

What did labour government 1997-2010 do?

Answer 22

Reduce inequality
for the most
disadvantaged

Promote diversity
and parental choice

Question 23

What was the ERA 1988’s aims?

Answer 23

to introduce market forces (competition) into the education system.

Question 24

What did the 1988 ERA introduce?

Answer 24

National Curriculum
Parental Choice/
Parentocrcay
National Testing
(SATs – 7, 11 and 14)
Local management of
schools
(LMS) – cut LEA control
City technology colleges
(failing inner-city schools)
Open enrolment
Formula funding
(Capita per head)
League tables and Ofsted
Inspections

Question 25

What was Blair's focus for change?

Answer 25

Education education education (Leadership Speech Blackpool 1996)

Question 26

New labour : competition & choice, what are specialist schools?

Answer 26

Specialist schools to build on their strengths. SS – received a government grant of £100,000 and up to £123 extra funding a year per pupil By 2007, approx 85% of all secondary schools had become specialist schools.

Question 27

New labour : Competition & Chois, what is faith schools?

Answer 27

Before 1997 Only Jewish and Christian schools were state-funded. Blaire extended the funding for Faith Schools – They are now also top of the league.

Question 28

New labour : Disadvantaged groups, what is compensatory education?

Answer 28

Additional educational support/ resources directed at deprived pupils

Question 29

What was the aim of compensatory education?

Answer 29

to raise the achievement levels of students who come from low income family backgrounds

Question 30

What did Melissa Benn (2012) say about the steps of Comp&Choice and disadvantaged groups?

Answer 30

Melissa Benn (2012) argued these two steps created the ‘New Labour paradox’

Question 31

Compensatory education : explain Sure Start.

Answer 31

Designed to deliver the best start in life for every child by bringing together: early education, health and family, support. It delivers childcare alongside early education and other health and family services. Sure Start covers a wide range of programmes both universal and those targeted on particular local areas… (based on Operation Headstart (US 1960’s)

Question 32

Compensatory education : what was the Aim Higher Programme?

Answer 32

Aimed to raise aspirations of minority groups that are otherwise under-represented at universities. Discrete activities to encourage students to remain in education (Funding and Support) Closed in 2010

Question 33

Compensatory education : what was the new deal?

Answer 33

Help those 18-24 out of work for 6 months/or more - The Deal received 3.15 billion through to 2002 - Blair helped 250,000 into work

Question 34

How do people critic the new deal?

Answer 34

They say youth employment was falling anyway

Question 35

Compensatory education : what was the National Literacy and Numeracy strategy?

Answer 35

Minimum 2 hours per day maths and English in primary schools Researchers have confirmed policies like these have the biggest impact on disadvantaged pupils.

Question 36

Compensatory education : what was Education Action Zone’s & Excellence In Cities

Answer 36

Zones were identified in inner-city areas to support minority ethic groups in poor areas – the scheme ran between 2000-2003 - By 2003, there was 72 areas - These areas were all given £1 million to spend

Question 37

What did Ofsted say about Education Action Zone’s & Excellence In Cities?

Answer 37

Ofsted saw no significant change has occurred at GCSE

Question 38

Compensatory education : what was Education maintenance allowance?

Answer 38

Financial support to help maintain students from low-income family backgrounds in education at post-16 - Receiving up to £30 per week October 2010 the scheme was scrapped

Question 39

What did critics say about EMA?

Answer 39

Critics argue it was simply ‘beer money’ for students

Question 40

Coalition Policies : What was the goal of academisation?

Answer 40

To create an education market to drive up standards.

Question 41

When did labour introduce city academies and what did they change to?

Answer 41

Labour introduced City Academies in 2002 Changed to Academies in 2010 This involved leaving local authority control

Question 42

How would you become an academy?

Answer 42

Building new schools, new technology, Changing ethos ...But schools will only get academy status if they raise £2 million from private funds.

Question 43

What did Allen (2012) say about academies?

Answer 43

– no significant improvement in first two years

Question 44

Who are free schools set up by?

Answer 44

Parents and teachers

Question 45

What did Allen say about free schools?

Answer 45

But only benefit children in highly educated families

Question 46

Coalition : what was in place to help equality?

Answer 46

Free school meals Pupil premium – extra funding based on FSM status

Question 47

What is an evaluation of Pupil Premium?

Answer 47

PP is not always spent on the students that need the support