EENT Flashcards
(103 cards)
1
Q
nasal discharge, sneezing, sore throat, fatigue, fever past few days
A
viral URI
2
Q
throat pain, fever, pharynx erythema and exudate
A
pharyngitis
3
Q
tx for viral uri
A
Symptoms persist in 7-9 days Fluids and rest Decongestants Acetaminophen NSAIDs
4
Q
tx for pharyngitis
A
Penicillin
Amoxicillin
If PCN allergy: cefadroxil, azithromycin, keflex
5
Q
Fever, weakness, sore throat, lymphadenopathy, tough grey exudate, bull neck
A
diptheria
6
Q
subglottic inflammation
stridor
lateral neck radiographs with “steeple sign”
A
Croup
7
Q
tx for croup
A
Supportive
Supplemental oxygen
Nebulized epi to dec subglottic inflammation
Systemic steroids
8
Q
Difficulty swallowing Fever Drooling Foul breath unilat cervical adenopathy hot potato voice
A
Peritonsillar Abscess (Quinsy)
9
Q
Tx for peritonsillar abscess
A
Amoxicillin
Clindamycin
I and D at ENT
10
Q
Respiratory distress Stridor Visualize red epiglottis fever dysphagia dysphonia sore throat
A
Epiglottitis
11
Q
Tx for epiglottitis
A
Maintain airway
Ampicillin
12
Q
Hoarseness Inflammation of larynx
A
laryngitis
13
Q
tx of laryngitis
A
Rest and hydration
14
Q
vesicles around mouth
A
herpes simplex
15
Q
tx of herpes
A
acyclovir
16
Q
3 yo child vesicles all over hands, feet and mouth
A
Herpangina (Hand, foot and mouth disease)
17
Q
Tx of herpangina
A
symptomatic
18
Q
mouth pain with white curd like plaques that bleed when scraped
A
oral candidiasis
19
Q
Tx of oral candidiasis
A
Topical: nystatin or clotrimazole
Oral: fluconazole
20
Q
acute pain, swelling and erythema near gland esp with meals
dysphagia, fever, chills
A
Sialolithiasis
21
Q
TX of Sialolithiasis
A
Hydrate: lemon candy, warm compress
Abx: dicloxacillin, amoxicillin
Pain medication
Possible I and D if not better
22
Q
small round painful yellow/white ulcer with erythamatous halo
A
Apthous Stomatitis Minor
23
Q
Tx of Apthous Stomatitis Minor
A
Lasts 10-14 days and heals without scarring
can use topical analgesics
24
Q
large ulcer >1 cm, usually multiple lesions
A
Apthous Stomatitis Major
25
Tx of Apthous Stomatitis Major
Lasts 2-6 weeks
| Heals with scarring
26
lots of vesicle lesions 1-3 mm ulcer
Herpetiform Aphthous Stomatitis
27
Tx of Herpetiform Aphthous Stomatitis
Heals in 7-10 days
28
Lesions extend from vermillion border to lips and perioral area
vesicles on tonsils and posterior pharynx
Oral Herpes Simplex Virus
29
Tx Oral Herpes Simplex Virus
Primary tx: supportive with lidocaine, oral NSAIDs
Antivirals: acyclovir, valacyclovir, famvir
NO corticosteroids
Topical: denavir
30
Lacy, wickham striae lesions
Oral Lichen Planus
31
Tx Oral Lichen Planus
Bx gingiva for definitive dx
No cure: optimize oral hygine
Topical corticosteroids: clobtasol and betamethasone propinate
32
Unilateral Lacy, wickham striae lesions
Oral Lichen Drug Reactions (OLDR)
33
painless white patchy lesion in mouth that cannot be scraped off
Leukoplakia (precancer)
34
Tx of Leukoplakia
Dx with bx
Smoking cessation
Excision
35
erythematous asymptomatic macule or plaque in mouth
| Soft velvety texture
Erythroplakia
36
Tx of Erythroplakia
Bx for dx
Excise
Recurrence is common
37
eye with purulent discharge, crusting, no visual changes
Bacterial Conjunctivitis
38
tx Bacterial Conjunctivitis
Topical ABX-TMP/polymixin B drops AM, erythromycin ointment at night
Refer to opth if GC or chlamydia and give ceftriaxone and azithromycin
39
watery discharge, some morning crusting, tearing, erythema
viral conjunctivitis
40
tx viral conjunctivitis
supportive
41
dendritic lesions and branching seen with fluorescein staining
Herpes Simplex Keratitis
42
Tx Herpes Simplex Keratitis
acyclovir
43
pain, photophobia, reduced vision, tearing, conjunctival erythema, hazy cornea
Bacterial Keratitis
44
Tx Bacterial Keratitis
fluroquinolone drops
45
herpes lesion on tip of nose
Herpes Zoster Opthalmicus
46
decreased vision, pain with ocular mvt, proptosis
Orbital cellulitis
47
Tx Orbital cellulitis
IV ABX vancomycin, clindamycin, ampicillin) and close monitiring
48
eyelid inflammation
Dacryoadenitis
49
Tx Dacryoadenitis
Steroids
| Chronic is less responsive to steroids because more fibrosis
50
Lacrimal sac distended and erythmatous with discharge and tenderness, tearing, redness to medial canthal, edema
Dacryocystitis
51
Tx of Dacryocystitis
I and D
| If non-tender and no discharge can massage (infants)/irrigate (adults)
52
```
Dry
Red
Irritated
Burns
Gritty
Blurry vision then goes back to normal
```
Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca (Dry Eye)
53
Tx Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca (Dry Eye)
blink more, avoid AC/hear, humidifier, moisture chamber, artificial tears, Restasis
54
cobblestone mucosa, itchy, red, tearing, redness, stringy discharge
allergic conjunctivitis
55
Tx allergic conjunctivitis
don't rub eyes
cool compress
artificial tears
topical antihistamines- olopatadine
56
gradual onset
| central vision loss
Age Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)
57
Tx Age Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)
```
Refer to opthalmology
Amsler Grid
Stop smoking
Vitamins-zinc, C, E
VEGF inhibitors
```
58
```
Eye pain
Redness
Multicolored halo
Diminished peripheral vision
Headache
Previous ocular disease
```
Open Angle Glaucoma
59
gradual decrease in vision
Glare
Second sight-improving vision
Cataracts
60
Tx Cataracts
Surgery-lens extraction
61
Tx Open Angle Glaucoma
acetazolamide
timolol
carbachol
62
Cotton wool spots
Dot and blot
Hard exudates
Diabetic Retinopathy
63
AV nicking
Copper wire
Arterial narrowing
Hard exudates
HTN retionpathy
64
crusting at eyelashes, scaling, eyelid flaking
Blepharitis
65
tx Blepharitis
hygiene rte
| azithromycin, erythromycin or bacitracin
66
painless rubbery nodule on eyelid
Chalazion
67
Tx Chalazion
Lid hygiene routine
Often heal on own
If it doesn’t go away- intralesional steroids
68
Painful
| Inflamed eyelid lesion
Hordeloum
69
Tx Hordeloum
warm compress, erythromycin and bacitracin, I and D
70
older pt with lashes turned inward
entropion
71
Tx entropion
surgical correction
72
older pt with irritated red eye and eyelid sagging
Ectropian
73
tx Ectropian
surgical correction
74
Soft yellow plaques
Xanthelasma
75
fever, otalgia, CHL
| possible relief followed by drainage
Acute Otitis Media (AOM)
76
Tx Acute Otitis Media (AOM)
acetaminophin for pain
ibuprofen for inflam
amoxicillin
77
gold standard to dx AOM
pneumatic otoscopy
78
erythema and swelling over mastoid process
Mastoiditis
79
Mastoiditis tx
IV abx (ceftriaxone) and middle ear and mastoid drainage
80
blister on TM
Bullous Myringitis
81
perforated TM, persistent purulent otorrhea, otalgia, CHL
Chronic Otitis Media
82
tx for hematoma of pinna
Prompt drainage and pressure dressing (48 hrs)
If not tx cauliflower ear deformity is permanent
Abx prophylaxis
83
```
swimmer
ear pain
pruitus
auricular discharge
pain on tragus
```
Otits Externa
84
Otits Externa tx
dry ear
| cipro topical
85
rapid pressure change, inability to equalize pressure, fullness in ear
Barotrauma
86
tx Barotrauma
Open eustachian tube
Antihistamines
Decongestants
87
Tinnitus
Machinery-like noise
Pulsing sounds in both ears
middle ear hematoma
88
tx middle ear hematoma
watchful waiting
89
unilat hearing loss and unilat tinnitus
| unilat SNHL
Acoustic Neuroma
90
bony growths on TM, swam in cold water as a child
Exostoses (many)/Osteomas (one)
91
progressive CHL, tinnitus
Otosclerosis
92
Otosclerosis tx
stapedectomy with prosthesis
93
Tx for BPPV
eppley manuever
94
episodic vertigo lasting 1-8 hrs, horizontal nystagmus, N/V
meniere's disease
95
tx meniere's disease
```
Salt/caffeine restriction
Benzodiazepines (acute phase)
Diuretics- Triamterene/HCTZ
Oral steroids- if acute
Intratympanic steroid injections
```
96
viral URI
N/V
violent vertigo
Vestibular Neuritis/Labyrinthitis
97
tx Vestibular Neuritis/Labyrinthitis
Steroids
benzodiazepines
meclizine
Vestibular rehab
98
```
Purulent yellow-green nasal discharge
Facial pain over sinus
Nasal obstruction
Acute onset of sx (1-4 wk)
Cough, maliase, fever, headache
```
Acute Sinusitis
99
Acute Sinusitis tx
NSAIDS
Decongestants
antihistamines
100
sinusitus sx >12 wks diagnosis and treatment
chronic sinusitus
tx: IV amphotericin B, augmentin, prednisone
101
```
Clear rhinorrhea
Sneezing
Itching
Tearing
Eye irritation
Pruitis
```
Allergic Rhinitis
102
Allergic Rhinitis tx
Avoidance of allergen
| Antihistamines: loratadine
103
unilat nasal discharge with foul odor
nasal foreign body
