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Clin Med Final > Heme > Flashcards

Heme Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q 
microcytic anemia (↓ MCV)
↓Serum Fe 
↓Transferrin 
↓Ferritin 
↑TIBC 
↑RDW
A

Iron deficiency

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2
Q

Iron deficiency tx

A

ferrous sulfate 325 mg QD with vit C

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3
Q 
microcytic, hypochromic
↑Serum Fe 
↑Serum Lead
↓TIBC
↑Ferritin
A

Lead Poisoning Anemia

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4
Q 
microcytic
↓Serum iron
↓TIBC 
↑Ferritin 
↑Transferrin
A

anemia of chronic inflammation

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5
Q 
African American
Normocytic
↓Hb 
↓Hematocrit 
↑Reticulocytes 
±Howell-jolly bodies
Hb electrophoresis: HbS
A

sickle cell

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6
Q

sickle cell tx

A

pain control: IV hydration & oxygen, NSAIDs, opioids

Hydroxyurea: ↑RBC water & ↓RBC sickling and ↑HbF Folic Acid

±RBC transfusion: severe only

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7
Q 
microcytic ↓MCV
↑ or nrml RBC 
↑Serum Fe & ferritin 
↓Hb
Target cells
Heinz bodies
A

α-Thalassemia

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8
Q

α-Thalassemia tx

A

Mild: no treatment

Moderate: folate, avoid
oxidative stress, AVOID Fe supplementation

Severe: weekly blood transfusions, Vit C, folate, Iron chelation, Splenectomy, bone marrow transplant

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9
Q 
Mediterranean
↓MCV
↑ or nrml RBC 
↑Serum Fe and ferritin 
↓Hb
Target cells
frontal bossing
hepatosplenomegaly
A

β-Thalassemia

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10
Q

β-Thalassemia tx

A

Minor: No med care, genetic counseling

Major: Perodic blood transfusions, Vit C, folate, avoid excess Fe intake, Iron chelating agents, splenectom

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11
Q

How do you dx pernicious anemia?

A

schilling test

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12
Q

What are the hemolytic anemias with enzyme disorders?

A

G6PD deficiency

Pyruvate kinase deficiency

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13
Q

What are hemolytic anemias with erythrocyte membrane

disorders?

A

Hereditary Spherocytosis
Hereditary Pyropoikilocytosis
Hereditary Elliptocytosis
AIHA

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14
Q

What are indications for splenectomy?

A

splenomegaly, hypersplenism, gallstones, jaundice, growth, transfusion
dependence

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15
Q

What are the microcytic anemias?

A

Fe deficency
Anemia of Chronic Inflammation
Lead posioning

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16
Q

What are the normocytic anemias with decreased

reticulocytes?

A 
accute hemorrhage
anemia of chronic inflammation
renal dx
liver dx
marrow infiltration
myelodysplastic syndrome
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17
Q

What are the normocytic anemias with increased

reticulocytes?

A

hemolyitc anemia

post-hemorrhagic anemia

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18
Q

What are sx of leukopenia/neutropenia?

A

fever, sx of infections

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19
Q

What are sx of thrombocytopenia?

A

purpura, petechiae, prolonged bleeding, excessive bruising

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20
Q

What are the general signs of anemia?

A

fatigue, dyspnea, syncope, pallor, postural hypotension, CHF

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21
Q

What are the macrocytic anemias?

A

vit B12

Folate

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22
Q

What is pancytopenia?

Study These Flashcards
A

all 3 cell lines decreased

23
Q

What is thrombocytopenia?

Study These Flashcards
A

low platelet count

24
Q

How do you treat
acquired
neutropenia?

25
How do you treat acute myeloid leukemia?
chemo
26
How do you treat anemia of chronic inflammation?
Eradicate underlying disease | IV Fe
27
How do you treat | Aplastic anemia?
HSCT
28
``` How do you treat autoimmune neutropenia (AIN)? ```
observation
29
How do you treat Autoimune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA)?
Warm: Stabilize, Glucocorticoids 1-2 mg/kg QD, Splenectomy or, Rituximab Cold: avoid cold, Rituximab, plasmapheresis
30
How do you treat | BMF?
HSCT curative but not always | indicated
31
How do you treat chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)?
watch & wait, if sx present treat with | Rituximab
32
How do you treat chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)?
imatinib
33
How do you treat | DIC?
Treat underlying cause Hydration RBC transfusion If bleeding: platelets, FFP, cryoprecipitate
34
How do you treat dimond-blackfan anemia?
supportive care with RBC | transfusions
35
How do you treat | Fanconi anemia?
support with transfusion or HSCT
36
How do you treat Fe | deficiency?
Ferrous sulfate 325 mg po QD witth | vit C
37
How do you treat | folate deficiency?
Folic acid 1 mg po QD
38
How do you treat | G6PD deficency?
Self limited Avoid offending food/drugs Hydrate
39
How do you treat Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)?
Supportive tx: observation, IV fluids Severe: plasmapheresis, dialysis as needed ABX will WORSEN condition
40
How do you treat | hemophilia A
DDAVP/stimate
41
How do you treat | hemophilia B?
factor IX infusion
42
How do you treat hereditary spherocytosis (HS)?
Splenectomy & folic acid to help | not cure
43
How do you treat | hodgekins lymphoma?
Involved field radiotherapy, | chemotherapy
44
How do you treat inherited thrombophillia?
LMW heparin IV Vondaoarinux, UFH Warfarin (oral once ontrolled) plus vit K
45
How do you treat ITP?
``` Children: observation,shore course steroids, ±IVIG or anti-D Adults: corticosteroids, IVIG, anti-D, platelet transfusion if <30K Chronic: splenectomy, Rituximab, immunosuppressant agents ```
46
How do you treat lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)?
chemo
47
How do you treat pyruvate kinase deficiency?
Splenectomy
48
How do you treat severe congenital neutropenia?
G-CSF
49
How do you treat | sickle cell?
``` Pain control: IV hydration & oxygen, NSAIDs, opioids Hydroxyurea: ↑RBC water & ↓RBC sickling & ↑HbF Folic Acid ```
50
How do you treat TTP?
``` Plasmapheresis: remove Ab daily 1.5 L plasma vol exchange Immunosuppression: corticosteroids, ±splenectomy if refractory to tx Platelet transfusion CONTRAINDICATED unless likethreatening bleeding ```
51
How do you treat vit B | deficiency?
IM B12 (100 mcg daily then weekly then monthly) Orabl B12 1mg QD (mild) Folic acid for first several months
52
How do you treat von willebrand | disease?
DDAVP/stimate
53
How do you treat α-Thalassemia?
Mild: no treatment Moderate: folate, avoid oxidative stress, AVOID Fe supplementation Severe: weekly blood transfusions, Vit C, folate, Iron chelation, Splenectomy, bone marrow transplant
54
How do you treat β-Thalassemia?
Minor: No med care, genetic counseling Major: Perodic blood transfusions, Vit C, folate, avoid excess Fe intake, Iron chelating agents, splenectomy

Clin Med Final (3 decks)

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