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Clin Med Final > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

Epi of compressive

neuropathies

A

musical instruments, typing,

repetitive mvts

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2
Q

Epi of peripheral

neuropathies

A

diabetic pts, HIV,

fluoroquinolone abx

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3
Q

What is classic migraine

HA?

A

with aura

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4
Q

What is epi of ALS?

A

M>F 50-70yo

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5
Q

What is epi of Alzheimer’s

disease?

A 
MC
>60 y
RF: CV, lower ed, sedentary,
brain trauma, benzodiazepine
use
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6
Q

What is epi of benign

essential tremor?

A

MC tremor, bimodal 20s and

60s, autosomal dominant

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7
Q

What is epi of Chronic
Inflammatory Demylinating
Polyneuropathy?

A

M>F

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8
Q

What is epi of cluster HA?

A

young & middle aged males

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9
Q

What is epi of

Frontotemporal Dementia?

A

Rare

35-75 y

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10
Q

What is epi of huntingtons?

A

autosomal dominant with

anticipation, age 30-50y

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11
Q

What is epi of migraine

HA?

A

MC women, FH

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12
Q

What is epi of MS?

A

Women 20-40 y

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13
Q

What is epi of myasthenia

gravis?

A

women 20-40y

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14
Q

What is epi of post herpatic

neuralgia?

A

advanced age, F>M

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15
Q

What is epi of restless leg

syndrome?

A

MC elderly, genetic,
secondary to Fe deficiency,
pregnancy and caffeine

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16
Q

What is epi of TG

neuralgia?

A

middle aged women

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17
Q

What is epi of vascular

dementia?

A 
2nd MC
Caused by strokes
RF: HTN,
hypercholesterolemia, FH
CVD, diabetes, smoking, A fib
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18
Q

What is etiology of Guillian

Barre syndrome?

A

CMV, EBV, HIV, mycoplasma

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19
Q

What is pathophys of ALS?

A

necrosis of both upper & lower
motor neurons and excess
glutamate in brains

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20
Q

What is pathophys of

Alzheimer’s disease?

A

APOE4 muttaion

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21
Q

What is pathophys of

bells palsy?

A

unilat CNVII

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22
Q

What is pathophys of
blow-induced
dementia?

A

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy

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23
Q

What is pathophys of

cluster headache?

A

activated by TG pathway

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24
Q

What is pathophys of
Guillian Barre
Syndrome?

A

Immune mediated demylinating of

peripheral nerves

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25
Q

What is pathophys of

HZV?

A

VZV deactivated in dermatome

and infects nerve & skin

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26
Q

What is pathophys of

Lacunar infarction?

A

small vessel infarction

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27
Q

What is pathophys of

MS?

A

Axon degeneration of white
matter
CNS IgG production & T cell
reaction

28
Q

What is pathophys of

myasthenia gravis?

A

Auto Ab against Ach at
neuromuscular
junction→progressive weakness

29
Q

What is pathophys of
normal pressure
hydrocephalus?

A

Primary: poorly understood
Secondary: impaired CSF
reabsorption across arachnoid villi
due to inflammation

30
Q

What is pathophys of

TG neuralgia?

A

compression of TG nerve

31
Q

What is the epi of

tension HA?

A

MC age ~30

32
Q

What is the etiology of

bacterial meningitis?

A

group B strep or N. meningitis

33
Q

What is the etiology of

fungal meningitis?

A

cryptococcus, histoplasma

blastomyces or coccidioides

34
Q

What is the etiology of

viral meningitis?

A

enterovirus

35
Q

What is the pahtophys
of subarachnoid
hemorrhage?

A

AVM and bleeding into

subarachnoid space

36
Q

What is the pathophys

of cerebral infarction?

A

anterior or posterior cerebral

37
Q

What is the pathophys

of migraine HA?

A

vassodilation and TG nerve

innervation

38
Q

What is the pathophys

of TIA?

A

emolbus lasting <24 hrs

39
Q

How do you treat
bacterial
meningitis?

A

IV Abx ceftriazone and vancomycin

Add ampicillin if >65 yr

40
Q

How do you treat
benign essential
tremor?

A

avoid caffeine, provide with weighted
spoons, magnetic buttons
if severe use propanolol BID or
primadone

41
Q

How do you treat

Cerebral Infarction?

A

thrombolytics within 3 hrs

42
Q

How do you treat

CJD?

A

Fatal in 1 year

43
Q

How do you treat

cluster HA?

A

100% O2, anti-migraine meds
Verapmil pphx
NO Beta blockers

44
Q

How do you treat

fungal meningitis?

A

V anti-fungals and lifetime pphx

fluconazole (immunosuppressed)

45
Q

How do you treat
huntingtons
disease?

A

supportive

46
Q

How do you treat
migraine
headaches?

A

triptans or ergoamines and antiemetics

47
Q

How do you treat
restless leg
syndrome?

A 
dopamine agonists (primipezole or
ropinirole) and Fe supplementation
48
Q

How do you treat
subarachnoid
hemorrhage?

A

surgical decompression, anti-emetics,
excision and cauterization and HTN
management

49
Q

How do you treat

tension headaches?

A

NSAIDs, aspirin, Ace combo with

caffeine

50
Q

How do you treat
TIA and Lacunar
Infarct?

A

aspirin, supine position in increase
perfusion and reduce underlying
cause

51
Q

How do you treat

viral meningitis?

A

supportive IV fluids, acyclovir if hx of

herpes

52
Q

reatment for ALS

A

Riluzole reduces progression for 6 mo
Fatal w/in 3-5 yrs
Can prolong with ventilatory support

53
Q

Treatment for
compressive
neuropathies

A 
Splints
NSAIDs
PT
Rest/activity modification
Surgical decompression
54
Q

Treatment for HZV

A 
Acyclovir, valtrex, famivir at onset of sx
Pain control (opiates, anticonvulsants)
55
Q

Treatment for peripheral

neuropathies

A 
Anti-convulsants (first line)
Anti-depressants
Weak opioid agonist
Lidocaine patches
Exercise, diet and weight loss
56
Q

Treatment for post-herpatic

neuralgia

A

Anticonulsants
Antidepressants
Weak opioid agonist,
lidocaine patches or creams

57
Q

Treatment for TG neuralgia

A 
Anti-convulsants
(carbamazepine
Gabapentin)
Glycerol inj or knife
radiosurgery
Surgical decompression
58
Q

What is tc for Guillian Barre

syndrome?

A 
Plasmapheresis
IVIG
Dec time in ICU but will
resolve on its own
60% full recovery in 1 yr
59
Q

What is treatment for
Chronic Inflammatory
Demylinating
Polyneuropathy?

A

Prednisone
Plasma exchange or IVIG
Respiratory support
Immunosupressants

60
Q

What is tx for MS?

A 
Acute exacerbations: IV
corticosteroids
Relapse/progressive: β-
interferon
Amantadine for fatigue
61
Q

What is tx for myasthenia

gravis?

A 
Ach inhibitors: pyridotigmine
or neostigmine (GI side
effects and muscle twitch)
Prednisone-most effective
Plasma exchange
Immunosupression
62
Q

What is tx of Alzheimer’s

Disease?

A 
Acetylcholinesterase
inhibitors slow disease slightly
(mild)
Memantine to slow
progression slightly (modsevere)
Avoid sedatives
Highly structured routines,
caregiver, memory clinic,
avoid changes in environmen
63
Q

What is tx of Blow-induced

Dementia?

A

Prevention at young age

64
Q

What is tx of

Frontotemporal Dementia?

A

Atypical APS not typical ones

acholinesterase inhibitors

65
Q

What is tx of Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus?

A

Ventricular shunt placement (may require revisions overtime)

66
Q

What is tx of Vascular Dementia?

A

Actylcholinesterase inhibitors and memantine used despite evidence
Control BP
PT and OT, caregiver edu, minimize change in pts environment

Clin Med Final (3 decks)

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