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Clin Med Final > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

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1
Q

Epi of compressive

neuropathies

A

musical instruments, typing,

repetitive mvts

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2
Q

Epi of peripheral

neuropathies

A

diabetic pts, HIV,

fluoroquinolone abx

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3
Q

What is classic migraine

HA?

A

with aura

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4
Q

What is epi of ALS?

A

M>F 50-70yo

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5
Q

What is epi of Alzheimer’s

disease?

A 
MC
>60 y
RF: CV, lower ed, sedentary,
brain trauma, benzodiazepine
use
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6
Q

What is epi of benign

essential tremor?

A

MC tremor, bimodal 20s and

60s, autosomal dominant

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7
Q

What is epi of Chronic
Inflammatory Demylinating
Polyneuropathy?

A

M>F

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8
Q

What is epi of cluster HA?

A

young & middle aged males

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9
Q

What is epi of

Frontotemporal Dementia?

A

Rare

35-75 y

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10
Q

What is epi of huntingtons?

A

autosomal dominant with

anticipation, age 30-50y

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11
Q

What is epi of migraine

HA?

A

MC women, FH

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12
Q

What is epi of MS?

A

Women 20-40 y

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13
Q

What is epi of myasthenia

gravis?

A

women 20-40y

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14
Q

What is epi of post herpatic

neuralgia?

A

advanced age, F>M

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15
Q

What is epi of restless leg

syndrome?

A

MC elderly, genetic,
secondary to Fe deficiency,
pregnancy and caffeine

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16
Q

What is epi of TG

neuralgia?

A

middle aged women

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17
Q

What is epi of vascular

dementia?

A 
2nd MC
Caused by strokes
RF: HTN,
hypercholesterolemia, FH
CVD, diabetes, smoking, A fib
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18
Q

What is etiology of Guillian

Barre syndrome?

A

CMV, EBV, HIV, mycoplasma

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19
Q

What is pathophys of ALS?

A

necrosis of both upper & lower
motor neurons and excess
glutamate in brains

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20
Q

What is pathophys of

Alzheimer’s disease?

A

APOE4 muttaion

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21
Q

What is pathophys of

bells palsy?

A

unilat CNVII

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22
Q

What is pathophys of
blow-induced
dementia?

A

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy

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23
Q

What is pathophys of

cluster headache?

A

activated by TG pathway

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24
Q

What is pathophys of
Guillian Barre
Syndrome?

A

Immune mediated demylinating of

peripheral nerves

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25
What is pathophys of | HZV?
VZV deactivated in dermatome | and infects nerve & skin
26
What is pathophys of | Lacunar infarction?
small vessel infarction
27
What is pathophys of | MS?
Axon degeneration of white matter CNS IgG production & T cell reaction
28
What is pathophys of | myasthenia gravis?
Auto Ab against Ach at neuromuscular junction→progressive weakness
29
What is pathophys of normal pressure hydrocephalus?
Primary: poorly understood Secondary: impaired CSF reabsorption across arachnoid villi due to inflammation
30
What is pathophys of | TG neuralgia?
compression of TG nerve
31
What is the epi of | tension HA?
MC age ~30
32
What is the etiology of | bacterial meningitis?
group B strep or N. meningitis
33
What is the etiology of | fungal meningitis?
cryptococcus, histoplasma | blastomyces or coccidioides
34
What is the etiology of | viral meningitis?
enterovirus
35
What is the pahtophys of subarachnoid hemorrhage?
AVM and bleeding into | subarachnoid space
36
What is the pathophys | of cerebral infarction?
anterior or posterior cerebral
37
What is the pathophys | of migraine HA?
vassodilation and TG nerve | innervation
38
What is the pathophys | of TIA?
emolbus lasting <24 hrs
39
How do you treat bacterial meningitis?
IV Abx ceftriazone and vancomycin | Add ampicillin if >65 yr
40
How do you treat benign essential tremor?
avoid caffeine, provide with weighted spoons, magnetic buttons if severe use propanolol BID or primadone
41
How do you treat | Cerebral Infarction?
thrombolytics within 3 hrs
42
How do you treat | CJD?
Fatal in 1 year
43
How do you treat | cluster HA?
100% O2, anti-migraine meds Verapmil pphx NO Beta blockers
44
How do you treat | fungal meningitis?
V anti-fungals and lifetime pphx | fluconazole (immunosuppressed)
45
How do you treat huntingtons disease?
supportive
46
How do you treat migraine headaches?
triptans or ergoamines and antiemetics
47
How do you treat restless leg syndrome?
``` dopamine agonists (primipezole or ropinirole) and Fe supplementation ```
48
How do you treat subarachnoid hemorrhage?
surgical decompression, anti-emetics, excision and cauterization and HTN management
49
How do you treat | tension headaches?
NSAIDs, aspirin, Ace combo with | caffeine
50
How do you treat TIA and Lacunar Infarct?
aspirin, supine position in increase perfusion and reduce underlying cause
51
How do you treat | viral meningitis?
supportive IV fluids, acyclovir if hx of | herpes
52
reatment for ALS
Riluzole reduces progression for 6 mo Fatal w/in 3-5 yrs Can prolong with ventilatory support
53
Treatment for compressive neuropathies
``` Splints NSAIDs PT Rest/activity modification Surgical decompression ```
54
Treatment for HZV
``` Acyclovir, valtrex, famivir at onset of sx Pain control (opiates, anticonvulsants) ```
55
Treatment for peripheral | neuropathies
``` Anti-convulsants (first line) Anti-depressants Weak opioid agonist Lidocaine patches Exercise, diet and weight loss ```
56
Treatment for post-herpatic | neuralgia
Anticonulsants Antidepressants Weak opioid agonist, lidocaine patches or creams
57
Treatment for TG neuralgia
``` Anti-convulsants (carbamazepine Gabapentin) Glycerol inj or knife radiosurgery Surgical decompression ```
58
What is tc for Guillian Barre | syndrome?
``` Plasmapheresis IVIG Dec time in ICU but will resolve on its own 60% full recovery in 1 yr ```
59
What is treatment for Chronic Inflammatory Demylinating Polyneuropathy?
Prednisone Plasma exchange or IVIG Respiratory support Immunosupressants
60
What is tx for MS?
``` Acute exacerbations: IV corticosteroids Relapse/progressive: β- interferon Amantadine for fatigue ```
61
What is tx for myasthenia | gravis?
``` Ach inhibitors: pyridotigmine or neostigmine (GI side effects and muscle twitch) Prednisone-most effective Plasma exchange Immunosupression ```
62
What is tx of Alzheimer's | Disease?
``` Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors slow disease slightly (mild) Memantine to slow progression slightly (modsevere) Avoid sedatives Highly structured routines, caregiver, memory clinic, avoid changes in environmen ```
63
What is tx of Blow-induced | Dementia?
Prevention at young age
64
What is tx of | Frontotemporal Dementia?
Atypical APS not typical ones | acholinesterase inhibitors
65
What is tx of Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus?
Ventricular shunt placement (may require revisions overtime)
66
What is tx of Vascular Dementia?
Actylcholinesterase inhibitors and memantine used despite evidence Control BP PT and OT, caregiver edu, minimize change in pts environment

Clin Med Final (3 decks)

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