Effect of climate change

Question 1

Calanus finmarchicus and C. helgolandicus

Answer 1

Changes in distribution of both in the NE Atlantic
CF is a cold water species
CH is a warm water species
Indicator species of the NAO and LT climate change
Warmer species, smaller, less biomass, lower oil content and less nutritious

Question 2

Changes in NE Atlantic Subpolar gyre

Answer 2

Extension of warm water, longer and more pronounced warm season

Question 3

Alien species

Answer 3

NH temperature = mean sea and land surface temp
Warm and tropical alien sp have seen a 150% increase since 1998

Question 4

Diversity and size

Answer 4

Signifcant inverse relationship
Metabolic rates and food availability
- negative correlation between biodiversity and C turnover time
- Quicker circulation of C in smaller organisms with shorter life cycles

Question 5

James Rule

Answer 5

Within a sp, populations with smaller body size found in warm waters.
So there is a decrease in mean size

Question 6

Begmann’s Rule

Answer 6

Warm regions inhabited by small sizes, increase in proportion of small species

Question 7

Decrease in individual body sizes

Answer 7

Temperature-size rule, individual body sizes decrease with increasing temperature

Question 8

Direct temp effects on body sizes

Answer 8

Increase temperature = decreased development time and final adult size
In copepods development rate increases > growth rate
Adult stage reached before largest potential size

Question 9

Indirect temp affects on size

Answer 9

Warmer waters characterised by stratification, reduce nitrate leading to lower PP and smaller phyto species
Less phyto biomass available as food

Question 10

Effect on abundance

Answer 10

Harder to attribute to climate warming than changes in phenology and distribution
Examples include LT changes in foraminifera, seasonal meroplankton inputs, and effects of increased in temperature on stratification and phytoproduction.

Question 11

Temperature affect on meroplankton

Answer 11

Big increase