Global Scale distribution Flashcards
(11 cards)
Effect of physiochemical properties on distribution
Temperature, poikilotherms
Salinity, osmoconformers or osmoregulators
Light and nutrients, drive PP
Currents, move populations
Depth, proximity of seafloor and source of adults
Marine Biogeochemical provinces
Global classification of regions with similar physiochemical and biological characteristics
Longhurst produced subjective system of 4 biomes split into 56 provinces
Updated dynamic versions modelled using depth Chl a, SST, SSS data
Latitudinal trends, species
High lats, small number of sp dominate
Low lats, large number of species
Lat trends, size
Tendency for zoop in low lats to have smaller body size than those at higher lats
Lat trends, biomass
High lats, high population/community biomass
Low lats, low overall biomass
Latitudinal diversity gradient
SST (energy) best predictor (54%) of diversity:
- more individuals hypothesis, bigger communities, more species
- evolutionary speed hypothesis (warmer so breed quicker, more mutations
Copepod diversity has asymmetrical N-S due to climate conditions, ITCZ
Similar trends in most epipelagic plankton
latitude and size, why
Metabolic rate is higher at elevated temperatures
- IR = R > G. Ingested, resp, growth
Buoyancy versus relative density of seawater (increased lipid and SA)
Less phytoplankton biomass in oligotrophic warm waters.
Latitude and total biomass, why
Biomass trends influenced by body size and productivity
Equatorial upwelling relatively high phytoplankton/zooplankton density
Temperate, intermediate biomass, strong seasonality
High lats, high biomass (euphasiids and copepods)
Latitude and diet
Increase in the relative proportion of carnivorous copepods at low lats
Water mass boundaries, gulf stream
Cold core rings, rotate anti, cold, nutrient rich, productive.
Warm core, rotate clock, warm, low productivity.
Plankton community structure, productivity and biomass reflect the conditions of the mesoscale effies
Can use indicator species to identify water masses
Vertical structure of WCE and CCE
CC. Zoop at top of core just below surface.
WC, zoop spread across warm core to the top of the nitrate flux.