Small Scale and short term distribution

Question 1

Spatial patchiness

Answer 1

5 types:
Vectorial, regular and vertical
Stochastic vectorial, non-reg and horizontal
Social, swarming behaviour, pred avoidance
Co-active, trophic interactions
Reproductive & ontogenetic, life histories
Not mutually exclusive

Question 2

Vectorial patchiness

Answer 2

Effect of the oxycline
Species are associated with different boundaries of the oxycline
Concern that hypoxic and anoxic areas are spreading, impacts communities

Question 3

Stochastic patchiness, fronts

Answer 3

Tidal fronts, follow lines of constant h/u^2
(water column depth, amplitude of tide currents)
TFs are regions of elevated near-surface PP and biomass compared to the mixed (light limited) and stratified (nutrient limited) waters on either side.

Question 4

Stochastic patchiness, langmuir

Answer 4

Light winds create a vortex type circulation at surface
Prallel vortices create regions of up and down welling that concentrate particles

Question 5

Reproductive patchiness

Answer 5

Larvae near HTVs and reefs
Release of coral bundles

Question 6

Co-active patchiness

Answer 6

Trophic interactions lead to horizontal and vertical patchiness
Phyto distribution initially related to nutrients and water column stratification, bottom-up
Zoop graze down phto, top-down
Switch between inverse and coincidence patterns, sequential patterns of biomass
Vertical migration involved

Question 7

Multifactor causes of patchiness

Answer 7

Chl a distributed as DCM
Copepods aggregate in area of high chlorophyll biomass (coincidence pattern)
Differrent species and larval stages (ontogenetic) distribute themselves at different depths to reduce competition