Efferent Nervous Sytem

Question 1

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 1

Messages to glands, smooth and cardiac muscle
-homeostasis
-extends from CNS
-two chain pathway

Question 2

Glycogen break down is…

Answer 2

Sympathetic

Question 3

CAMP

Answer 3

Cyclic adenosine mono phosphate

Question 4

Ganglion

Answer 4

Meeting of a pre and post

Question 5

Location of parasympathetic

Answer 5

Cranial sacral region

Question 6

Preganglion of the parasympathetic

Answer 6

Long
-ganglion is further from CNS
-secretes: Ach at ganglion

Question 7

Preganglionic parasympathetic is what type of receptor

Answer 7

Cholinergic
-nicotinic

Question 8

nicotinic

Answer 8

always ganglion

Question 9

Postganglion of parasympathetic

Answer 9

Shorter
-secretes Ach

Question 10

Postganglion parasympathetic receptor

Answer 10

Cholinergic
-musarinic

Question 11

Muscarinic

Answer 11

Has five subtypes

Question 12

Location of sympathetic

Answer 12

Thoracic lumbar branch

Question 13

Preganglion of sympathetic

Answer 13

Short
-paravetebral (adjacent to vertebral column)
-secretes Ach at ganglion

Question 14

Preganglion sympathetic receptor

Answer 14

Cholingeric
-nicotinic

Question 15

Postganglion sympathetic

Answer 15

Long
-forms junction on target

Question 16

What does the post sympathetic secrete

Answer 16

-norepinephrine 20%
-epinephrine 80%
-dopamine ~1%

Question 17

Receptors of post sympathetic

Answer 17

Adinergic

Question 18

Alpha one

Answer 18

NE more likely than E
-found in most tissues
-Ca as second messenger system

Question 19

Example of alpha one

Answer 19

-salivary glands
-ejaculation and clitoral sitmulation
-urinary bladder

Question 20

Alpha 2

Answer 20

-Uses cAMP as second messenger
-inhibitory

Question 21

examples of alpha 2

Answer 21

-Relaxes smooth muscles and aids in digestion
-decreases insulin

Question 22

Beta one

Answer 22

NE is equal to E
-excitatory and uses cAMP

Question 23

Examples of beta 1

Answer 23

Heart rate increasing
-forced contractions

Question 24

Beta 2

Answer 24

E more likely than NE
-uses cAMP and is inhibitory

Question 25

Examples of beta 2

Answer 25

-respiratory -smooth muscles of blood vessels -flattening of lens (ciliary for far vision)

Question 26

Beta 3

Answer 26

NE more likely than E -uses cAMP is excitatory

Question 27

Beta 3 examples

Answer 27

Brown fat/ adipose tissue

Question 28

Somatic nervous system sends messages to

Answer 28

Skeletal muscles -unmyelinated

Question 29

Somatic descriptions

Answer 29

-one neuron no ganglion -motor neuron -neuromuscular junction -motor end plate

Question 30

What is the somatic neuromuscular junction

Answer 30

-synaptic junction -muscle meeting a neuron

Question 31

What is the motor end plate

Answer 31

-there are manny channels -produces graded potentials (end plate potential)

Question 32

End plate potential

Answer 32

-creates action potential by Ach -when the Ach is removed, AP ends

Question 33

Removal of Ach causes….

Answer 33

-end of AP -creation of Acetylcholine-esterase

Question 34

Acetylcholine-esterase

Answer 34

Breaks down Ach into -choline Or -acetic acid -allows muscle to relax

Question 35

Choline is

Answer 35

Reused

Question 36

acetic acid is

Answer 36

Thrown out

Question 37

Black widow spider venom

Answer 37

Keeps releasing Ach and depolarizing junction -muscle stays rigid -rigid paralysis

Question 38

Botulinum toxin

Answer 38

Blocks release of Ach so that muscle never tightens -flaccid paralysis

Question 39

Curare

Answer 39

Blocks action of Ach, as curare binds to receptor itself -hunting method -flaccid paralysis

Question 40

Organophosphates

Answer 40

Inactivates action of Ache -rigid paralysis -military and insecticides

Question 41

Myasthenia Travis

Answer 41

creates antibodies against Ach, destroying and limiting the effective muscular movements (muscular weakness) -autoimmune, muscular weakness

Question 42

Symptoms of myasthenia gravis

Answer 42

Drooping eyelids, vision and chewing difficulties, trouble walking

Question 43

ALS

Answer 43

Mitochondria (reduced energy) Accumulation of glutamate in spinal cord, so that patient is in pain ALOT

Question 44

Polio

Answer 44

Caused by a virus through food/water consumption -grows in motor neuron, destroys cell body -paralysis