Effusion & Muscle Testing Flashcards
(8 cards)
What tests can you do to test effusion in the knee?
Patella tap - push patella into patella groove of femur. +ve spongy/soft end feel for swelling (normal end feel - bone on bone)
Sweep test - sweep from inferior medial to superior and then down laterally. Observe medial aspect of knee or palpate it for fluid.
How would you test muscles? What might you find?
- Resisted (isometric) testing - pain
- Strength tests - through range (MRC/oxford grading) - reduced strength/weakness
- Length tests - reduced ROM/length and possible pain
- Palpation - identify site of lesion
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Control tests
Bulk
Special tests/Diagnostic tests
Findings on isometric muscle testing:
- Strong and painful = ?
- Strong and painless = ?
- Weak and painless = ?
- Weak and painful = ?
- All movements painful = ?
- Tendinopathy/minor muscle injury
- Normal
- Muscle rupture/neuropathy
- Major muscle injury/Fracture
- Could be BPS?
How to test Oxford grading on muscles?
Concentric/eccentric muscle tested THROUGH full range
What are the Oxford grading scales?
0 - no contraction 1 - flicker of contraction 2 - contraction with gravity eliminated 3 - contraction against gravity 4 - contraction against resistance 5 - contraction against strong resistance (should be used in all contractions for true strength - concentric, eccentric, isometric and isotonic)
What do muscle length tests look for?
Quality
ROM (what is normal?)
Pain
Resistance (end feel)
P > R
R > P
P = R
What to look for in accessory movements (including ligs)?
Amount of movement (normal?) Movement in range - quality End feel Pain, resistance, muscle spasm What limits the movement? P or R? Equal?
How to document accessory?
The joint being tested - e.g hip
The movement/test - e.g AP on greater trochanter
ROM - e.g normal, abnormal (hypo/hyper)
Quality of movement - e.g. resistance at half range, pain at 3/4
End feel, what limited it - R>P
