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Hematology Exam 1 > Ehrlichia and Anaplasma > Flashcards

Ehrlichia and Anaplasma Flashcards

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1
Q

After a mammalian host is infected with a vector-borne parasite, what has to happen before it becomes infectious?

A
  • Intrinsic incubation period
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2
Q

The intrinsic incubation period occurs in the _____ host

A
  • mammalian (i.e. deer)
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3
Q

The extrinsic incubation period occurs in the ____ host

A
  • arthropod (i.e. tick)
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4
Q

The extrinsic incubation period is the time that it takes for the ______ vector to become infectious

A
  • arthropod (tick)
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5
Q

Ehrlichia chafeensis infects what cell type?

A
  • Monocytes
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6
Q

Ehrlichia chafeensis cause human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME) by infecting ______

A

Monocytes

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7
Q

Anaplasma phagocytophilum infects what cell types?

A
  • Granulocytes
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8
Q

Anaplasma phagocytophilum causes human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) by infecting ______

A

granulocytes (neutrophils)

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9
Q

Malaria species infects _____ and liver cells

A

red blood cells

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10
Q

Babesia microti infects _____

A

red blood cells

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11
Q

Trypanosoma species infects monocytes and _______

A

macrophages

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12
Q

Leishmania species infects _____ and reticuloendothelial cells

A

macrophages

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13
Q

Ehrlichia & Anaplasma are a part of the ______ family

A

Rickettsia

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14
Q

Ehrlichia & Anaplasma are obligate intracellular, gram ____ bacteria and are ____ borne

A

negative; tick

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15
Q

The lone star tick is infected with _____

A
  • Ehrlichia
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16
Q

Human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME) causes ____ and sepsis

A

Fever

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17
Q

Where and when in the US does ehrlichiosis predominate?

A
  • Southeast to south central US; spring and summer
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18
Q

Risk factors for contracting ehrlichiosis

A
  • Hiking and other outdoor sports
  • Exposure to wildlife
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19
Q

Vector for Ehrlichiosis

A
  • Lone star tick (Amblyomma americanum)
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20
Q

Animal reservoirs for ehrlichiosis

A

◦White tail deer

◦Dogs

◦Coyotes

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21
Q

Other routes of transmission of ehrlichiosis:

A

◦Maternal-child

◦Blood transfusion

◦Direct contact with slaughtered deer

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22
Q

Human monocytic Ehrlichiosis (HME) blood smear finding

A
  • See morulae in the monocytes; look like mulberries
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23
Q
  • How is ehrlichiosis diagnosed by looking at serolgy?
A
  • Indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA); compare the acute and the convalescent serology; looking backwards
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24
Q
  • Ehrliciosis may be diagnosed by examining peripheral blood smear, ____, immunochemical staining in tissues, and mainly by _____ diagnosis
A
  • PCR; clinical
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25
Human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) is caused by what arthropod?
- Black-legged tick or deer tick
26
Anaplasmosis occurs in what region of the US?
- Upper Midwest and Northeast US
27
High seroprevalence of anaplasmosis means that there is likely a lot of\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ transmission
- asymptomatic
28
Deer ticks or black-legged ticks with anaplasma may be co-infected with Borrelia (cause of Lyme's disease) or \_\_\_\_
Babesia
29
Nosocomial transmission of _____ has been noted
Anaplasma
30
\_\_\_\_\_ may be transmitted person-person as seen in China
- Anaplasma
31
Peripheral blood smear of anaplasmosis
- Morulae seen in neutrphils in contrast to seeing morulae in monocytes in ehrlichiosis
32
GI symptoms are more frequent in ehrlichiosis/ anaplasmmosis
- ehrlichiosis
33
In ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis, what is the incubation period?
- 1-2 weeks after bite with infected tick
34
Acute febrile illness is common in infections with:
- Ehrlichia and anaplasma
35
Between Ehrlichiosis and Anaplasmosis, which condition has a higher mortality rate and is more severe and life threatening?
- Ehrlichiosis
36
If you think that someone has ehrlichiosis or anaplasmosis, but you are waiting for confirmation, should you delay treatment with doxycycline?
- No, that can mean that the illness becomes serious and that may lead to hospitalization and manual ventilation and death
37
What is the best antibiotic to treat ehrlichiosis or anaplasmosis?
- doxycycline (which is a tetracycline); best becasue it accumulates inside of the bacteria
38
Trophozoites refers to what forms of protozoa?
- motile, feeding, reproducing forms
39
Mastigotes refers to what kind of form of protozoa?
- Flagellated
40
Merozoites, schizonts, gametes, oocysts all refer to what stage of protozoan development?
- Sexual stages
41
Peripheral blood smear of someone with babesiosis
- The Maltese cross is characteristic of babesiosis
42
Babesiosis is reported in what regions of the US?
- Northeast and upper midwest
43
What tick is the vector for babesia?
- Nymphal stage of the black-legged tick or deer tick
44
What is the animal reservoir for babesia?
- White-footed mouse
45
What may the clinical maifestations for Babesia be?
- Asymptomatic or can present with flu-like symptoms - Hemolytic anemia
46
- What populations of people are at a high risk of severe, life-threatening disease when infected with babesia?
- Those without a spleen - Immunocompromised - Advanced age
47
It can be difficult to distinguish a babesia blood smear from a ______ smear due to the similarites in the trophozoite (ring stage)
plasmodium (malaria)
48
What are the 2 types of leishmaniasis?
- Visceral - Cutaneous and mucocutaneous
49
Leishmaniases infect what cell type?
- Macrophages
50
What is the vector for leishmaniases?
- Female sand fly
51
Kala-azar (Hindi for black fever) refers to what diseases?
- visceral leishmaniases
52
In some regions, humans may be a reservoir for this parasitic infection along with small rodents
- leishmaniases
53
Other routes of transmission of visceral leishmaniasis
◦Blood transfusion ◦IV Drug use, needle sharing ◦Congenital
54
Clinical manifestations of visceral leishmaniasis
* Irregular bouts of fever * Substantial weight loss * Swelling of spleen and liver * Serious anemia * Untreated, fatality rate in developing countries 100% within 2 years * Post-kala-azar dermal manifestations
55
Peripheral blood smear of someone with lieshmaniasis
- Infected macrophage with amastigote and kinetoblast
56
Visualization of the kinetoplast is important for diagnostic purposes, to be confident the patient has \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
leishmaniasis
57
In a bone marrow or spleen aspirate, what cells will you be looking for to have within them amastigotes for the diagnosis of leishmaniasis?
- macrophages
58
African trypanosomiasis is known as
- Sleeping sickness
59
American trypanosomiasis is known as
- Chagas disease
60
*T. brucei* causes
sleeping sickness
61
*T. cruzi* causes
- Chagas disease
62
Tsetse fly carries _______ and causes sleeping sickness
*T. brucei*
63
Reduviid kissing bug carries _____ and causes Chagas disease
*T. cruzi*
64
Sleeping Sickness is seen in Africa while Chaga's disease is mainly seen in Latin America and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
- South America
65
Animal reservoir of Chaga's disease
◦armadillos, raccoons ◦also dogs, guinea pigs and rats
66
How does the reduviid bug transmit *T. cruzi*?
- It bites and then poops in the place where it bit on the person's face normally; the parasites are in the big's GI tract
67
Death due to Chagas is usaully due to _____ problems
- Cardiac
68
Romana’s sign is seen in what disease?
Chaga's
69
In acute infection of trypanosomiasis, what will be seen on a blood smear?
* extracellular trypomastigotes
70
In chronic infection of trypanosomiasis, what will be seen in the bone marrow aspirate or muscle biopsy?
* Intracellular amastigotes

Hematology Exam 1 (16 decks)

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