Transfusion Medicine Flashcards
(58 cards)
1
Q
allogenic donation
A
- collection from volunteers to be transfused to other recipients
2
Q
autologous donation
A
- collection of self to be transfused to self
3
Q
what is FFP used to replace?
A
- coagulation factors
4
Q
what is FFP not used to replace
A
- volume replacement
5
Q
what is cryoprecipitate used to replace
A
- fibrinogen
6
Q
what antibodies do we make against the ABO antigens we don’t have
A
- IgM
7
Q
IgM antibodies form after how many months of life
A
- 4
8
Q
in the lab, what do these IgM antibodies do?
A
- clump RBCs
9
Q
in the patient, what do these IgM antibodies do?
A
- lyse RBCs by fixing complement
- cause acute hemolytic transfusion reactions
10
Q
antigen on type A blood
A
- antigen A
11
Q
antigen on type B blood
A
- antigen B
12
Q
antigen on type AB blood
A
- antigens A+B
13
Q
antigen on type O blood
A
- none
14
Q
antibody produced by type A
A
- anti-B
15
Q
antibody produced by type B
A
- anti-A
16
Q
antibody produced by type AB
A
- none
17
Q
antibody produced by type O
A
- anti-A and B
18
Q
blood donors for type A
A
- O
- A
19
Q
blood donors for type B
A
- O
- B
20
Q
blood donors for type AB
A
- any
- universal recipient
21
Q
blood donors for type O
A
- O only
- universal donor
22
Q
order of frequency of ABO phenotypes
A
O, A, B, AB
23
Q
forward typing of blood tests for
A
- presence of antigens on surface of red cells
24
Q
reverse typing tests for
A
- presence of antibodies in patient’s serum or plasma
25
Group A forward typing and reverse typing
- anti A
| - B cells
26
Group B forward and reverse typing
- anti-B
| - A1 cells
27
Group AB forward and reverse typing
- anti-A and B
| - no reverse
28
Group O forward and reverse typing
- no forward
| - A1 and B cells
29
D antigen will make which antibody
- IgG
30
IgG antibodies in the lab result in
- no clumping
| - must add Coomb's reagent
31
IgG antibodies in the patient
- delayed hemolysis
32
what is Coomb's reagent
- IgM antibody against IgG to help clump
33
pre-formed antibodies as a result of exposure to
- pregnancy
- transfusion
- solid organ transplantation
34
how to calculate how many crossmatches you need
units/(percent negative for antigens)
- multiply if you need more than one negative for antigen
35
when do you transfuse RBCs
- symptoms of insufficient O2
| - rapid active bleeding
36
when do you transfuse platelets for bleeding prophylaxis
< 10
37
when do you transfuse platelets for presence of bleeding
< 50
38
when do you transfuse platelets 12 hours pre-post surgery, intracranial bleeding, ECMO
- <100
39
acute hemolytic transfusion reaction occurs
- during
- immediately after
- within 24 hours of transfusion of red cells
40
acute hemolytic transfusion reaction symptoms
- fever
- chills
- hypotension
- DIC/oozing
- hemoglobinuria
- back pain
41
fastest way to diagnosis acute hemolytic transfusion reaction?
- look at pre and post transfusion plasma sample
42
treatment of AHTR
- continue IV fluids
| - vasopressor for BP
43
delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction due to cells from
- group O donors
44
delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction symptoms appear
- 24 hours - 28 days
45
delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction treatment
- no treatment
46
TRALI
- pulmonary edema following transfusion of plasma containing products
47
TRALI criteria
- within 6 hours
- hypoxemia
- bilateral infiltration
- HYPOTENSION
48
TRALI treatment
- respiratory/pressor support
49
TACO
- patient's cardio system exceeds volume capacity
50
TACO symptoms
- HYPERTENSION
- headache
- dyspnea
- peripheral edema
51
TACO treatment
- O2
| - diuretics
52
symptoms of Febrile Nonhemolytic Transfusion Reaction
- temp increase of 1 degree Celsius or more
53
allergic/anaphylactis transfusion reactions symptoms
- two or more within 4 hours
- urticaria
- pruritis
- maculopapular rish
- flushing, edema
54
treatment of allergic reactions
- stop transfusion
| - administer antihistamines
55
when do you suspect bacterial contamination of plaelets
- HIGH FEVER
- chills
- hypotension
56
most common transmitted virus in the blood
why?
- HBV
| - long window period to test for
57
most common cause of transfusion related mortality
TRALI
58
What RBC antigen group is associated with the highest risk for transfusion-related mortality
ABO
