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Hematology Exam 1 > Peripheral Blood Morphology > Flashcards

Peripheral Blood Morphology Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

Mean Corpuscle Volume (MCV)

A
  • Measurement of the average volume of each RBC
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2
Q

Spherocytes

A
  • Loss of central pallor and spherical in shape
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3
Q

If a patient has Howell-Jolly bodies after a splenectomy and then later is tested and does not have them, what could have occurred?

A
  • The spleen has the ability to regenerate in various parts of the body so perhaps this is the case –> accessory spleen
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4
Q

Acanthocytes

A
  • Spur cells
  • Have larger, irregular projections
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5
Q

Polychromasia refers to

A

Red cells that have a more bluish tinge

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6
Q

If you see these cells, then it is an emergency and fatal in 80% of cases if left untreated after a few hours

A
  • Schistocytes

** MAHA

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7
Q

If due to autoimmune hemolysis, the spherocytes are

A
  • Smaller and referred to as microspherocytes
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8
Q

What would you use to measure hypochromasia?

A
  • MCH
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9
Q

In normal peripheral blood, what cell types should be present?

A

WBCs, RBCs, and platelets

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10
Q

Differential diagnoses of macrocytosis

A
  • B12/ folate deficiency
  • Liver disease
  • Thyroid disease
  • Chemotherapy (hydrea in particular)
  • Anti-retrovirals (AZT)
  • Aplastic anemia
  • MDS (myelodysplastic syndrome)
  • Elevated reticulocyte count
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11
Q

When looking at a blood smear, what part are we interested in looking at for diagnostic purposes?

A

The feathered edge

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12
Q

Megaloblastic anemia

A
  • Red cells are macrocytic
  • Hypersegmented neutrophils
  • Vit. B12 and folate deficiency will cause this
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13
Q

Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA)

A
  • Polychromasia
  • Microspherocytes
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14
Q

Poikolocytosis refers to

A
  • Red cells that vary widely in shape
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15
Q

Howell- Jolly Bodies

A
  • Small, peripheral, round, purple inclusions that are found within the red cells that are nuclear remnants
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16
Q

Echinocytes

A
  • Burr cells
  • Have small, regular projections
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17
Q

The overarching term for red cells that vary widely in size

A

-Anisocytosis

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18
Q

Most common cause of microcytosis

A

Iron deficiency anemia

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19
Q

A normal RBC should be about the size of

A

A lymphocyte nucleus

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20
Q

What lab value can you use to determine macrocytosis?

A

MCV

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21
Q

Hypochromasia refers to

A
  • Red cells that have too little hemoglobin that results in them being less red when stained
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22
Q

Rouleaux

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Linear arrangements of red cells and are described as “piles of coins on a plate”
23
Q

Which type of process should you think of when see spherocytes?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Hemolytic process
24
Q

Sickle cells are seen in which condition?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Sickle cell anemia
25
Most likely, in polychromasia the large blue cells are actually what type of cell?
- Reticulocytes
26
Acathocytes are seen in what condition?
Liver disease
27
What are some cells that are present after a splenectomy?
* Howell- jolly bodies * Target cells * Acanthocytes --\> spur cells * Schistocytes * Nucleated RBCs
28
29
Agglutination
- Occurs when RBCs are coated with IgM - IgM is big enough to bridge 2 red cells and cause them to clump together
30
Teardrop cells
- Seen in myelophthisic processes, which are diseases of **bone marrow infiltration**
31
32
Different cell morphologies seen in liver disease
* Target cells * Acanthocytes * Macrocytosis
33
Beta- Thalassemia major
A- Target cells B- Howell-jolly body C- Nucleated red cell D- Schistocyte E- Basophilic stippling \*\* Teardrops can also be seen
34
RBC membranes have what charge overall and what causes them to form rouleaux?
- RBC membranes have a net positive charge and when there are negatively charged proteins present, that means that the RBCs will bind together
35
When are Howell-Jolly bodies seen?
- After splenectomy or in cases of splenic hypofunction ## Footnote \*\* May be seen in sickle cell disease and B-thalassemia major
36
Teardrop cells can be seen in which conditions?
* Myelofibrosis * Tumor metastasis to the bone marrow * Granulomatous diseases * Leukemias and lymphomas * Sometimes in massive splenomegaly
37
What disorders are rouleaux seen in?
* Mutliple myeloma * Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia * Severe hypo-albuminemia
38
The area of central pallor is ___ than the total red cell diameter in hypochromasia.
- More than 1/3 total red cell diameter ## Footnote \* Measured with MCH
39
What does the red cell distribution width (RDW) measure?
- Range of red blood cell sizes
40
How can you determine microcytosis?
1. Looking at the lymphocyte nucleus as a reference in the blood smear 2. Using the MCV, which measures the average volume of each RBC
41
Which type of cells will you see in a patient with sickle cell anemia along with sickle cells?
- Target cells
42
Differential diagnoses of target cells
* **Liver disease** * Thalessemia * Hemoglobin C disease * After splenectomy \*\*LTHA "Target cells are LiT, HA!"
43
Echinocytes are seen in what kind of disease?
- Renal disease
44
Schistocytes
- Red cell fragments that have sharp edges
45
Spherocytes may be seen in these 2 conditons
* Hereditary spherocytosis * Autoimmune hemolysis \*\* HA
46
Microcytosis refers to
Red cells that are small
47
Macrocytosis refers to
- Large red cells
48
Most people with MDS are
Normocytic
49
Vit. B12 and folate deficiency will cause which type of anemia?
- Megaloblastic anemia
50
Shistocytes are a hallmark of what condition?
- Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA)
51
Target cells look like \_\_\_\_
-Bulls-eyes
52
Differential diagnoses of microcytosis
* **Iron deficiency** * Thalessemia * Lead poisoning * Anemia of chronic disease (usually normocytic) * Sideroblastic anemia * Hemoglobin C disease and trait ## Footnote **\*\*ITLASH**
53
The area of central pallor of a RBC should be about ____ of total RBC diameter
-1/3
54
Iron Deficiency Anemia
- Hypochromic, microcytic cells - Increased number of platelets - Increased RDW (so there is a wide range of sizes of RBCs) - Decreased MCV (microcytic) - Decreased MCH (low hemoglobin) - Target cells

Hematology Exam 1 (16 decks)

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